V. Forms of investigations 5.1 Procedural forms of investigation 5.1.1 The appropriate investigative procedures will depend upon the facts of each case, but may include criminal, disciplinary and/or administrative procedures. 5.1.2 Alleged victims may also benefit from a standing to initiate judicial procedures without waiting for the competent authorities to do so. 5.2 Investigative systems 5.2.1 The various forms of investigation should be incorporated into a coherent and interactive system. 5.2.2 An independent and effective police complaints body should be set up with powers to investigate allegations of ill-treatment. VI. Guaranteeing effectiveness 6.0.1 Investigative systems should be provided with adequate financial and technical resources and appropriately trained legal, medical and other specialists. 6.0.2 Ill-treatment investigations should be evaluated by a coherent, uniform, nationwide system based on accurate statistical data relating to the complaints made, investigations performed, judicial procedures held and punishments administered. 6.0.3 The competent authorities should continually keep the public and law enforcement personnel informed with regard to ill-treatment investigations that are taking place, the levels of ill-treatment being detected, and the action taken as a result. VII. Obligation to deter 7.1 Legislative framework 7.1.1 States should enact substantial criminal and other legislation specifically criminalizing serious ill-treatment and establishing other responsibility for related violations. 7.1.2 The legislation adopted to prevent and punish acts of ill-treatment is to be given full preventive effect by determining appropriate gravity and range of sanctions consistent with the seriousness of relevant violations. Guidelines on international standards ► Page 15