activities, as well as targeted training courses, which utilised modern training methods and curricula. Overall, 895 Police Officers were trained in courses organized (or otherwise supported) by the PDU in 2013. In 2013, the PDU employed 14 international and 18 national staff members. Police Reform Within the mandate of the Mission, the provisions of the OFA20 and its associated MoU21, the PDU provides expert assistance and support to the MoIA in establishing a professional police service. In this framework, in 2013, the PDU further assisted the MoIA in developing a community-oriented police service in line with democratic policing principles and international human rights standards. To support the implementation of the LoIA and its associated by-laws, an inter-agency Advisory Board (with the participation of the PDU, the US International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Program - ICITAP - and the MoIA) was established by the MoIA in early 2012 and continued to meet throughout 2013 to follow up on the gaps identified in the LoIA. A number of loopholes were addressed by amendments to the LoIA and adopted by Parliament in 2013 (upon recommendation of the Advisory Board). In 2013, the PDU’s assistance to the MoIA on the effective implementation of the LoIA and its bylaws and Rulebooks, also included strengthening the capacity of human resources management and development systems based on professional criteria and effective, efficient, accountable and transparent procedures. The PDU further supported the MoIA in developing the Human Resources Strategy 2014-2019. This document aims to provide a sustainable base that will support the reform, modernization and self-improvement of the MoIA. It sets out a clear framework of action plans to be implemented between 2014 and 2019 in order to achieve organizational strategic goals and assure a solid career development system. On 15-16 October, the PDU organized a two-day study visit to Poland for MoIA representatives from the Sector for Common Affairs and Human Resources Management (SCAHRM). The aim of this activity was to give SCAHRM managers an opportunity to gain insight into the decentralized HR system established within the Polish Police. To support the on-going process of police reform implementation, the PDU organized a workshop for 30 MoIA representatives from different departments (with one representative from ICITAP and three representatives from the PDU) from 20-22 November in Gevgelija. Participants gained knowledge about strategic planning of in-service training; the preparation and delivery of training activities; as well as the implementation of effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. In order to further strengthen the prevention mechanisms at both central and local level, the PDU provided assistance to eight Sectors of Internal Affairs (SIA) and four Regional Centres for Border Affairs (RCBAs). Such assistance aimed at formulating and implementing Regional Prevention Action Plans (RPAPs) in the frame of which 32 activities for the detection and prevention of crime and inter-ethnic incidents were implemented. Each SIA and RCBA, according to the decisions taken in the respective Working Groups, identified security concerns at the regional level ranging from the prevention of smuggling to irregular migration and human trafficking. 20 21 The provisions set forth in Articles 5.3, Annex C, of the Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA), (…) invite the OSCE (…) to increase (…) assistance programs for police, including: (…) technical assistance for police reform, including assistance in screening, selection and promotion processes (…). Further to the signing of the OFA, the Mission and the Host Government signed a MoU outlining the specific tasks for achieving the OFA’s requests in the field of policing. 101