regions of Kazakhstan learned how best to use national and international legal tools in dealing with THB cases. Drug Trafficking On 4-7 June, the Centre, jointly with the MoIA organized a four-day training seminar on the “Detection of Drugs in Trains and Other Means of Large-scale Transport.” Some 25 representatives from regional internal affairs departments responsible for combating drug trafficking learned about best international practices on the detection of drugs in trains, trucks, cars and other vehicles. Participants also learned about general developments in preventing and combating transnational drug trafficking. Experts from Georgia and Russia shared their countries’ experience in this field. On 24-28 July, the Centre supported the participation of an Interior Ministry representative in the OSCE-wide Conference on “Prevention of Illicit Drug Trade on the Internet” in Vienna (see also chapter 2.2). ****** 4.13 Centre in Bishkek Background The OSCE Centre in Bishkek (CiB) was established in 1998 to promote the implementation of OSCE commitments, facilitate the exchange of information, establish and maintain contacts with local authorities, universities, research institutions and NGOs, and encourage Kyrgyzstan’s further integration into the OSCE community. Implementation of the Police Assistance Programme started in 2003. The Interim Police Assistance Programme, established in 2005, aimed to prepare the ground for continued progress towards deep structural reform of Kyrgyzstan’s police system and to strengthen the institutional and implementation capacities of certain police units. Since 2007, the Police Reform Programme (PRP) has become an integrated part of the Unified Budget of the OSCE Centre in Bishkek (CiB). Funding from the Unified Budget has therefore increased the long-term effectiveness of the Programme. The PRP is committed to comprehensive reform at all levels of Kyrgyzstan’s law enforcement bodies and is primarily focused in the Ministry of Interior (MoI). The MoI had previously lacked action plans for implementing any of the abandoned strategies to reform the law enforcement bodies over the previous ten years. Successive Governments failed to fully support changes within the MoI. This lack of political will of the host country authorities and the MoI’s resistance to reform resulted in lack of transparency and accountability and the diminished trust of police. In-country safety and security in 2013 remained to be a challenging environment with various issues of political, economic and border security nature that could affect public peace and order. In the background of these unfavourable circumstances the CiB kept up supporting the platform for co-operation of all relevant stakeholders including the MoI, Prime Minister’s Office (PMO), Parliament, civil society and international organizations. As a result of the CiB 132