or political context. Where there is no political will for reform, trial-monitoring can achieve little in the way of systemic justice reform. Further, in situations where governments are actively complicit in violations of fair-trial standards, organizations must consider whether they are prepared to undertake the type of political reporting and advocacy necessary to publicize their findings. Where monitoring takes place without such follow-up, it runs the risk of legitimizing a flawed criminal justice process. As a result, organizations must carefully consider both the capacities and strengths of trialmonitoring, as well as its limitations, in determining how a programme will best support a process of criminal justice reform. Trial-Monitoring: A Reference Manual for Practitioners 23