perform monitoring functions independently, they may often require donor or project funding to continue operations. As a result, a domestic monitoring organization may be initially reliant on funding from the sponsoring organization. The facilitation of a domestic monitoring organization may also be considered as part of an exit strategy for international organizations engaged in staff or project programmes where conditions are appropriate, downsizing is considered, and domestic capacity exists. If no NGO already exists with some trial-monitoring experience or where a coalition needs first to be formed, capacity will usually develop slowly and challenges should be expected. These challenges will relate to both normal monitoring operations and the organization of a new entity requiring management, funding, and the development of expertise. Trial-Monitoring: A Reference Manual for Practitioners 43