TOLERANCE AND NON-DISCRIMINATION  //  49 Addressing racism and xenophobia Racial abuse and violence in public places, restrictions on movement due to overzealous policing, and hate crimes are regularly experienced by communities across the OSCE region, as are unequal access to education, employment and healthcare. All of these topics were discussed by activists from across the OSCE region at an event on the margins of the annual Human Dimension Implementation Meeting, in Warsaw, in September. Interlocutors exchanged their experiences of racism and xenophobia and scrutinized them to see how they impacted specific communities. Participants also discussed best practices and measures that can be taken to counter intolerance against people of African descent in the OSCE region, and how to ensure their involvement in ODIHR’s activities. Countering anti-Semitism ODIHR’s efforts to counter anti-Semitism were marked by continued work on the “Turning Words Into Action to Address Anti-Semitism” project, which focuses on three specific areas: security, education and coalition-building. Security ODIHR published the guide Understanding Anti-Semitic Hate Crimes and Addressing the Security Needs of Jewish Communities, in English, French, German and Italian. The guide supports OSCE participating States in their efforts to address the security needs of Jewish communities and improve how states respond to anti-Semitic hate crimes. ODIHR has begun work on customized guides for application in France, Bulgaria and Greece. Additionally, an online platform to help civil society groups monitor and report on hate crimes, including anti-Semitic incidents, was developed in 2017 and will be piloted in 2018. Education ODIHR also continued to develop education policy guidelines on anti-Semitism, following expert group meetings in Paris and Warsaw. These guidelines will support policymakers by providing them with clear steps to address anti-Semitism in their countries by improving citizens’ level of education on the topic. Simultaneously, ODIHR has been working on a series of tools for teachers and teacher training institutes on anti-Semitism, and has also developed a report that collates all of the challenges to discussing these issues that were encountered in the course of the research. Based on the challenges identified, ODIHR began to develop teacher training guides. These efforts were complemented by a roundtable discussion on the importance of using education to resist anti-Semitism in Moldova, which was co-organized with the OSCE Mission to Moldova. Coalition-building The effectiveness of civil society in promoting tolerance can be strengthened by building more robust connections between different groups and communities in society. To this end, ODIHR began preparing a new manual that will serve as a capacity-building tool to create successful and sustainable coalitions to work together to address intolerance and discrimination. PROJECT HIGHLIGHT Understanding Anti-Semitic Hate Crimes and Addressing the Security Needs of Jewish Communities. ODIHR’s publication lays out practical steps that governments can take to address the security needs of Jewish communities in co-operation and partnership with these same communities.