1.2 Obiski policijskih postaj 1.2 Visits to police stations Sanitarije Toilets Sanitarije so bile ustrezno urejene: WC-školjka v prostorih za daljše pridržanje in WC-počepnik z izplakovanjem v prostorih, ki so namenjeni krajšemu pridržanju. DPM je pomanjkljivosti ugotovil na PP Vrhnika, kjer je moški toaletni prostor zaudarjal po fekalijah, v ženskem toaletnem prostoru pa niso delovala vsa svetlobna telesa. Na PP Šiška v prostoru za pridržanje ni delovalo splakovanje WC-ja niti ni bilo tekoče vode. V odzivnem poročilu za PP Šiška je MNZ navedlo, da bodo nepravilnosti odpravljene ob adaptaciji, da pa imajo v zvezi s tem na voljo le omejena finančna sredstva v letu 2015. The toilets were adequately arranged: the toilet bowl in the rooms for longer detention and squat toilet with flushing in the rooms for shorter detention. The NPM established deficiencies at Vrhnika PP, where the men’s toilet smelt of faeces and not all lights were working in the women’s toilet. The flushing in the toilet did not work and there was no running water in the detention room in Ljubljana-Šiška PP. In its response report, the MNZ ensured that deficiencies would be eliminated upon the renovation of Ljubljana-Šiška PP and that limited funds were available in 2015. Avdio- in videonadzor Audio and video surveillance Pravilnik o policijskih pooblastilih (Uradni list RS, št. 40/06 in 56/08 in 15/13; Pravilnik), ki se je v delu uporabljal še v letu 2014, je v prvem odstavku 54. člena določal, da mora policist, ki izvaja pridržanje, poskrbeti za varnost pridržane osebe od njene namestitve v prostor za pridržanje do izpustitve. Za nadzorovanje pridržanih oseb je lahko policist po tem Pravilniku uporabljal naprave za prenos zvočnih in slikovnih znakov, pri čemer mora biti uporaba teh naprav v prostoru vidno označena. Pravilnik je pri tem jasno določal, da nadzor s tehničnimi sredstvi ne izključuje neposrednega fizičnega nadzora (kot sedaj v 37. členu določa tudi novi Pravilnik o policijskih pooblastilih, Uradni list RS, št. 16/2014). Videonadzor je tako le pripomoček policistu pri neposrednem nadzoru pridržane osebe, ki pa ga je treba v vsakem primeru prilagajati okoliščinam posameznega primera. Posebno skrben mora biti nadzor pridržane osebe, če ta kaže nagnjenje k samopoškodovanju ali če z njim grozi, kar poudarjajo tudi Usmeritve za izvajanje policijskih pooblastil, ki še določajo, da se v takih primerih policist takoj posvetuje z dežurnim zdravnikom ali da se izvedejo drugi ukrepi za pomiritev oziroma preprečitev takšnih ravnanj. Vse to je očitno upoštevano tudi v Normativih za gradnjo, adaptacijo in opremo prostorov za pridržanje, saj le-ti določajo, da se videokamera namesti na strop ali nedosegljivo mesto tako, da nadzoruje celoten prostor, razen sanitarnega dela. The Rules on police powers (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, nos. 40/06, 56/08 and 15/13; the Rules), which were still partly used in 2014, determined in the first paragraph of Article 54 that a police officer executing detention was responsible for the safety of the person detained from their accommodation in the detention room until their release. As per these Rules, the police officer was able to use devices for transmitting audio and video signals for the surveillance of persons detained, whereby the use of these devices had to be marked visibly. The Rules clearly stipulated the surveillance with technical devices did not exclude direct physical supervision (as determined in Article 37 of the new Rules on police powers (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no. 16/2014)). Video surveillance is thus only an aid assisting a police officer in direct supervision of the person detained, which in any case must be adjusted to the circumstances of an individual case. Special attention must be paid when supervising detainees who are susceptible to harming themselves or if they threaten to do so, which is also emphasised in the Guidelines on exercising police powers, which further determine that a police officer must immediately consult a duty doctor in such cases or take other measures to conciliate or prevent such conduct. All of the above is also observed in the Standards for building, renovating and equipping detention premises, which determine that a video camera be installed on the ceiling or a place which cannot be reached in order to survey the entire room except the toilet section. PP imajo v svojih prostorih za pridržanje nameščen videonadzorni sistem in klicni zvonec (avdiosistem, povezan s sobo dežurnega policista), kar je označeno z opozorilom (nalepko) o govorni napravi in videonadzoru pred vstopom v same prostore. DPM pa je v zvezi s tem opazil sledeče pomanjkljivosti: PP Trebnje ima sicer nameščen klicni zvonec, vendar prek njega ni možna neposredna komunikacija z dežurnim policistom, poleg tega pa prostor za pridržanje še vedno ni opremljen z videonadzorom. Ob ogledu PP Novo mesto je bilo ugotovljeno, da videonadzorni sistem v prostoru, označenim s št. 4 deloma obsega tudi toaletni del. Nadalje je bilo tudi na PP Gornja Radgona ugotovljeno, da del prostora za pridržanje ni pod videonadzorom. Na PP Ljubljana Šiška prostor za pridržanje ni videonadzorovan, vendar se ob samem prostoru nahaja policist, ki tudi vodi evidenco o stanju pridržane osebe. PP Domžale, ki prostora za pridržanje ne uporablja, osebo do prevoza v CP Ljubljana pridrži v prostorih, označenih s št. 25 in 26, ki nista videonadzorovana. V zvezi z videonadzorom je treba omeniti tudi nadzor prostora za sprejem pridržanih oseb. Prostori za sprejem pridržanih oseb na PP Trebnje, PP Trbovlje, PP Vrhnika, PP Domžale in PP Kamnik niso videonadzorovani niti nimajo govorne naprave. DPM v takšnem primeru meni, da gre za pomanjkljivost, saj morebitnih navedb pridržanih ali zadržanih oseb o neprimernem ravnanju uradnih oseb z njimi na ta način ni mogoče preveriti. DPM je zato v navedenih primerih PP predlagal, naj se to odpravi, saj je tudi Evropski odbor za preprečevanje mučenja in nečloveškega ali ponižujočega ravnanja ali kaznovanja (Odbor) ob obiskih v Sloveniji pozval, naj se sprejmejo ukrepi, s katerimi se bo zagotovilo, da se elektronska oprema za beleženje policijskih postopkov redno uporablja. Kot je opozoril Odbor, je elektronsko snemanje (avdio in/ali video) policijskih pogovorov pomembna dodatna varovalka zoper grdo ravnanje s pridržanimi osebami, ki lahko zagotovi popoln in avtentičen zapis postopka pogovora in s tem močno olajša preiskavo kakršnih koli trditev o grobem ravnanju. To je zato v interesu tako oseb, s katerimi naj bi policija grdo ravnala, kot policistov, za katere neutemeljeno zatrjujejo, da so bili vpleteni v grdo ravnanje. Elektronsko zapisovanje policijskih pogovorov prav tako zmanjšuje možnost, da bi pridržane osebe pozneje lažno zanikale, da so podale kakršne koli izjave. 64 poročilo o izvajanju nalog DPM v letu 2014 DržavnI preventivnI mehanizEm po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju In their detention premises, video surveillance system and a call bell (audio system connected to the room of the duty officer) are installed at police stations and are marked with a warning note (label) about the communication device and video surveillance before the entrance to the premises. In this regard, the NPM detected the following deficiencies. Trebnje PP had a call bell, but direct communication with the duty officer was not possible; furthermore, the detention room had still not been equipped with a video surveillance device. When reviewing Novo mesto PP, it was established that the video surveillance system in room 4 partly covered the toilet section. At Gornja Radgona PP, it was determined that part of the detention room was not under video surveillance. The detention room at Ljubljana-Šiška PP was not under video surveillance, but a police officer was present next to the room who kept a record on the condition of the person detained. Domžale PP did not use the detention room; a person is detained in rooms 25 and 26, which are not under video surveillance, until their transportation to Ljubljana Police Detention Centre. Relating to video surveillance, the supervision of the room for admitting detainees must also be mentioned. Premises for admitting detained persons at Trebnje, Trbovlje, Vrhnika, Domžale and Kamnik police stations were not under video surveillance or had no communication device. In these cases, the NPM established a deficiency since, in the case of possible complaints of detainees and temporary detained persons about inappropriate conduct of officials, these could not be verified. The NPM thus suggested that police stations eliminate these deficiencies, since the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the Committee) also called on Slovenia during its visits to adopt measures which would ensure that electronic equipment for recording police procedures is used regularly. As the Committee pointed out, the electronic recording (audio and/or video) of police interviews is an important additional safeguard against ill-treatment of detainees which may provide a comprehensive and authentic record of the interview process and thus significantly facilitate the investigation of any allegations of ill-treatment. This is in the interest of persons whom the police supposedly ill-treated and police officers about whom it is claimed without due cause were involved in ill-treatment. The electronic recording of police interviews also reduces the possibility of detainees later falsely denying that they made any such statements. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE NPM IN 2014 National Preventive Mechanism under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 65