4.11 Programme Office in Astana Trends of Dissemination: Issues in Legal Regulation and International Experience” in Almaty. Some 50 governmental officials and representatives from the criminal justice system in Kazakhstan, as well as from law enforcement agencies from Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, the United States of America, Uzbekistan and CARICC, gathered to discuss the creation of an effective international platform for studying trends and preconditions for the emergence of the illegal circulation of New Psychoactive Substances, the development of strategies to counter illicit drug trafficking and legal mechanisms to manage the handover of seized evidence between law enforcement agencies. The event concluded with the development of recommendations for Central Asian states on ways to enhance national legislation and promote co-operation in regional counter-narcotics initiatives. From 2 to 5 November, the Office, the State Revenue Committee of the Finance Ministry and the United States Embassy in Kazakhstan co-organized a training seminar aimed at building the capacity of law enforcement to address transnational threats, with a focus on trafficking in drugs, new psychoactive substances and synthetic drugs in Pavlodar. Some 30 customs and police officers, as well as prosecutors from the General Prosecutor’s Office from across the country learned best national and international practices. The trainers included national and international experts from Belarus, the United States of America, CARICC, and the Karaganda Academy of the MoIA. Experts provided an overview of the current situation in Central Asia and Afghanistan, as well as the legal framework for countering transnational organized crime and trafficking of drugs, and methods to counter the smuggling of drugs across borders. Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration-related Crime On 29 and 30 April, the Office co-organized with the MoIA and the U.S. Embassy a two-day training seminar entitled “Trafficking in Human Beings Investigative Techniques and Methods for Law Enforcement Officers” in Karaganda. Experts from Italy and Ukraine, together with some 40 law enforcement officers from throughout Kazakhstan, the General Prosecutor’s Office and Supreme Court representatives, discussed what techniques police officers can use to help identify victims of human trafficking, ways to collect evidence against traffickers and ways to protect the rights of victims. The event was the first in a series of 6 regional training seminars. Cybercrime From 14 to 18 March, the Office, together with the U.S. Embassy and the MoIA, organized a training seminar for law enforcement officials aimed at enhancing their understanding of various cyberattack methods and ways to gather relevant evidence in Almaty. Some 20 officials from the MoIA and the Ministry of Justice, the Prosecutor General’s Office, the State Revenue Committee of the Finance Ministry, and the Almaty Police Academy attended the training course, which was led by experts from the United States of America. Total Activities / Possible Statistics of Activities  Total   Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building Training ACTIVITIES ON: General Police Development and Reform 50% Threats posed by Criminal Activity 50% 114