APPENDIX 1 From 13 to 16 December, the OSCE Mission in Montenegro, together with ODIHR, organized Human Rights and Gender Training for the Ministry of Interior, Police Administration and National Security Agency personnel. The training was attended by 30 participants, 40% of whom were women and all of whom were at the senior level. The purpose of the training course was to raise awareness on human rights complaints and gender sensitive approaches to security delivery and management, as well as to share best practices on how to best integrate them. The training is expected to contribute to mainstreaming human rights and gender aspects into the general policies and training programmes, as well as into the education curricula of the security sector of Montenegro. ODIHR also contributed to international conferences on gender and security sector reform. On 12 and 13 October, ODIHR presented on the key role played by human resources in the recruitment, retention and advancement of women in the police, at the annual conference of the International Association of Women Police in Barcelona. The conference was attended by 400 female police officers, as well as researchers and representatives from international organizations. The main topics discussed were women’s participation in peacekeeping, as well as more genderbalanced police forces. Community Policing, Police-Public Relations and Crime Prevention In 2016, ODIHR developed an interactive two-day training course on Effective and Human Rights-Compliant Policing in Roma and Sinti Communities. This training strengthens the capacity of police officers working in Roma and Sinti, as well as mixed communities. It provides for effective policing strategies to communities that are fair and responsive to the needs of the people they serve, while engaging in practices that comply with human rights standards and which are gender sensitive. ODIHR piloted the course in Romania for 20 front-line officers (three women and 17 men) that are directly deployed to Roma communities or mixed communities on 2 and 3 February in Bucharest, and within a training event for 16 senior police officials (eight women, eight men) from 12 different countries on 17 and 18 March in Warsaw. Furthermore, ODIHR hosted a training-of-trainers event for 14 human rights professionals, including Roma and Sinti and police officers (five women, nine men) from 13 to 16 June in Warsaw, and delivered training to Romanian front-line officers at the police school in Slatina on 9 and 10 June and in Campina on 30 June and 1 July, as well as to 20 law-enforcement officials in Odessa, Ukraine on 30 November and 1 December. The training evaluation throughout the year demonstrated that it was well received by participants, who underlined that the interactive and practical nature was useful for reflecting on and challenging their own perceptions, but also to strengthen community based policing approaches and human rights. Gender-based and Domestic Violence In 2016, ODIHR delivered capacity-building to police on the topic of gender-based violence. On 1 and 2 December in Odessa, ODIHR organized a training-of-trainers course that brought together 28 police educators and officers from various regions of Ukraine (16 of them women). Contributing to the implementation of Ukraine’s National Action Plan on UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security (UNSCR 1325), the event aimed at increasing the effectiveness of police responses to sexual and gender-based violence. ODIHR organized the event in co-operation with the European Union Advisory Mission Ukraine (EUAM) and La Strada Ukraine International Women’s Rights Centre, and included participants recommended by the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine. The activity was hosted by the Odessa State University of Internal Affairs and supported by the Ministry of the Interior of Ukraine. When reviewing legislation in the field of criminal law and procedure reform as referred to above6, ODIHR also provided gender-specific recommendations. These included the need to adopt a gender and child-sensitive approach to provide assistance and protection to women and children victims and witnesses of crimes and their relatives, particularly in the context of forced disappearances. Specifically, ODIHR also stressed the potentially discriminatory impact on children or women of certain counter-terrorism measures, and highlighted the importance of ensuring that bias-motivated crimes committed on the grounds of sex, gender identity or sexual orientation are adequately punished in criminal legislation. The legal reviews also noted the importance of ensuring gender and diversity in the composition of the criminal justice system as a whole, and that legal actors are duly trained on gender and human rights issues and the importance of maintaining sex-disaggregated criminal justice statistics. ODIHR also systematically highlighted that any legislative process involving amendments to criminal law or procedure should be adopted through an extensive, meaningful, open and inclusive consultation process In the context of its Expert Forum on Criminal Justice for Central Asia referred to above, participants noted the need for justice and law-enforcement personnel to be adequately trained to assist female victims and address gender-related issues in crime prevention. Victims of sexual offences, including of sexual harassment, often experience bias from the police, who behave as if victims of sexual offences carry part of the responsibility for the event or even provoked 6 I.e., the review of the Criminal Codes of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and of Moldova, the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Armenia, the legal framework on counter-terrorism in Kazakhstan and the Draft Act on the Crime of Enforced Disappearance of Tunisia (OSCE Mediterranean Partner for Co-operation). 135