Introduction In accordance with the 2011 Vilnius Ministerial Council Decision No. 9/11 on Strengthening Co-ordination and Coherence in the OSCE’s Efforts to Address Transnational Threats, the Transnational Threats Department (TNTD) became operational on 1 January 2012. Its purpose is to optimize the support provided to the Secretary General, the Chairmanship-in-Office and the participating States on matters related to transnational threats (TNT). Headed by the Co-ordinator of OSCE Activities to Address Transnational Threats, the main tasks of the TNTD are to act as a focal point for Organization-wide programmatic activities that relate to countering transnational threats, and to ensure co-ordination and coherence of actions across all three OSCE dimensions, and amongst all OSCE executive structures, while ensuring their mandates are respected. The TNTD is comprised of the Co-ordination Cell (TNTD/CC), the Action against Terrorism Unit (TNTD/ATU), the Border Security and Management Unit (TNTD/BSMU) and the Strategic Police Matters Unit (TNTD/SPMU). 2.1 TNTD/Co-ordination Cell Introduction TNTD/CC assists the Co-ordinator in TNT-related matters and works on horizontal issues, which are relevant to all TNTD units, such as cyber/ICT security and the POLIS online information system. Cyber/ICT Security Throughout 2016, TNTD’s Cyber Security Officer supported participating States with the implementation of the initial set of OSCE confidence-building measures (CBM) to reduce the risks of conflict stemming from the use of information and communication technologies. These included the adoption of new additional measures (PC.DEC/1202), as well as MC.DEC/5/16, a pledge by OSCE Foreign Ministers to implement existing CBMs, while working towards creating additional ones and strengthening the OSCE’s work in this field. The Cyber Security Officer also co-organized three Informal Working Groups set up under PC.DEC/1039, as well as two Chairmanship events on the topics of promoting an OSCE cross-dimensional approach to cyber/ICT security and effectively attributing cyber-attacks. As part of promoting international coherence related to cyber/ICT security efforts and promoting pertinent OSCE efforts, the Cyber Security Officer facilitated the OSCE’s membership in the Global Forum on Cyber Expertise (GFCE), which brings together 50 organizations and States working jointly on practical initiatives to strengthen cyber/ICT security, fight cybercrime, protect online data and support e-governance. In terms of internal co-ordination, the Cyber Security Officer held three cyber task force meetings with relevant units from TNTD, and organized a training for the OSCE 14 Cyber Focal Point Network on the topic of International Cyber Security Policy and Diplomacy. POLIS Online Information System In 2016, TNTD/CC continued to extend and enhance support for online and information system support to all OSCE executive structures through the POLIS online information management platform, thereby assisting in planning, co-ordinating and implementing TNTD activities. The exchange and sharing of relevant and up-to-date TNTrelated information and the mobilization and transfer of know-how and lessons learned through the use of contemporary learning and communication methods, including e-learning, online discussions and collaboration, remained the main priorities in improving the services offered through the POLIS system. Specifically, TNTD/ CC provided online support for the permanent online forum of the Border Security and Management National Focal Point Network, the forum for the Expert Discussion on PC Decisions 1106 and 1202 on Cyber CBMs, and the forum for the OSCE Counter-Terrorism Network. Newly established online forums were developed, including ones on Strengthening Public-Private Partnerships in Preventing and Countering Hostage-Taking and Kidnapping for