OSCE Centre in Bishkek (CiB). The purpose of the seminar was to introduce the new OSCE-internal guidelines on SSG/R to OSCE field operations in Central Asia. The seminar also allowed for discussion on a comprehensive approach to SSG/R with criminal justice practitioners from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, OSCE executive structures, international partner organizations and NGOs. Europol, Frontex, INTERPOL and UNODC were among the most prominent participants, along with a number of international experts. More than two hundred participants took part in the event. On the margins of the Conference, TNTD/SPMU met separately with the CEPOL Director, Europol Director and INTERPOL Secretary General to discuss further co-operation. On 13 September, TNTD/SPMU participated in the opening of a training course on monitoring, mentoring, advising and training, dedicated to Police Officers for European Union Civilian Crisis Management, and implemented at the Center of Excellence for Stability Police Units (CoESPU) in Vicenza, Italy. TNTD/SPMU delivered a lecture on the OSCE’s approach and work on police activities within this context. Around one hundred trainees participated in this five-week course from Africa, Europe and North America. From 18 to 20 October, TNTD/SPMU participated in an academic conference on training local law enforcement agencies in peace support operations, organized by and held at CoESPU in Vicenza, Italy. The conference convened international organizations including the EU, the OSCE and the United Nations, to share experiences and lessons learned in preparing police officers for serving in international peace support operations, and in delivering police training to national stakeholders. TNTD gave a presentation on the OSCE’s police training activities, challenges faced and lessons learned. From 19 to 21 September, TNTD/SPMU, upon invitation from the CPC and OSCE Mission to Montenegro, participated in a regional workshop on SSG/R in Podgorica, Montenegro. The purpose of the workshop was to introduce the new OSCE-internal guidelines on SSG/R to OSCE field operations in South-Eastern Europe and to discuss the comprehensive and cross-dimensional approach to SSG/R with criminal justice practitioners and representatives from the Ministries of Interior and Defence from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, the OSCE, international partner organizations including UNDP and UNHCR, as well as academics and NGOs. TNTD/SPMU presented its crossdimensional approach to SSG/R, introduced the Guidebook on Police Reform within the Framework of Criminal Justice System Reform, and elaborated on approaches, challenges and lessons learned in relation to introducing prosecutor-led investigations in South-Eastern Europe. On 22 and 23 September, TNTD/SPMU participated in the International Police Reform Conference in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, where it provided opening remarks and took part in working sessions. The aim of the conference was to bring together politicians, high-level law enforcement managers and civil society to strengthen their awareness of and to discuss national police reform plans following a recent decision of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic. On 5 and 6 October, TNTD/SPMU participated in the European Annual Research and Science Conference 2016 organized by CEPOL in Budapest, Hungary. This conference was dedicated to “Global Trends in Law Enforcement Training and Education”. TNTD/SPMU delivered a contribution on “Global Society Targeted by Global Crime: the OSCE’s Approach through Police Training”. Members from Eurojust, 18 In November and December, TNTD/SPMU conducted a needs assessment on ILP-related issues in OSCE participating States hosting OSCE field operations. The results of the assessment will impact the future planning of TNTD/SPMU in the area of ILP. This initiative was also done in relation to the drafting of an OSCE guidebook on ILP and potential follow-up activities in 2017. On 15 and 16 December, TNTD/SPMU organized a workshop in Vienna to review first drafts of an OSCE guidebook on intelligence-led policing. The workshop, hosted by the 2016 German OSCE Chairmanship, was attended by some 30 experts from OSCE participating States, regional and international organizations and OSCE field operations. During the workshop the experts discussed diverse aspects of ILP and how it should be covered in an OSCE guidebook as well as conducting a review of the first draft of the guidebook. A number of the experts also provided written inputs on the guidebook draft. Human Rights and Police Accountability On 9 February, TNTD/SPMU attended a Preparatory Meeting on Safeguards to Prevent Torture in the Initial Period of Detention in Geneva, Switzerland, organized by the Danish Chairmanship of the UN Human Rights Council with support of the International Association for the Prevention of Torture (APT). The main purpose of the meeting was to gather information and views on safeguards to prevent torture in the initial period of detention of arrested people, as research has shown that ill treatment and torture are most likely to occur in the first hours of detention. TNTD/SPMU presented basic human rights principles related to arrest and detention, which are promoted by the OSCE in the TNTD/