Enforcement • Is evidence obtained in violation of safeguards excluded from the criminal case? How is this determined? • Could judges require administrative or other sanctions in cases where safeguards are not followed? • Are institutional bodies invited to review the implementation of safeguards and work with national authorities towards more effective operation? • Safeguards can be made more robust by their inclusion in legal and procedural codes, as well as codes for professional practice. How do such codes address the failure to act in accordance with safeguards against torture? • Is compliance of safeguards required by law, or at the discretion of the authorities? • How may persons complain of a breach in any of these safeguards? How is the data collected and recorded? How are complaints handled? • What sanction follows the failure to observe any particular safeguard in practice? Additional resources: UN Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations, resolution 43/173 of 9 December 1988 United Nations Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (“The Beijing Rules”), adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations, resolution 40/33 of 29 November 1985 Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Personnel, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations, resolution 34/169 of 17 December 1979 CTI Centre Jean-Jacques Gautier PO Box 137 - 1211 Geneva 19 - Switzerland +41 (0)22 919 2167 info@cti2024.org http://www.cti2024.org Prepared for the CTI by the Association for the Prevention of Torture. © 2017, Convention against Torture Initiative (CTI). All rights reserved. Materials contained in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided credit is given to the source. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate the publication should be addressed to the CTI. The examples used in this tool are based on publicly available information. The CTI would welcome any corrections or updates as applicable. Layout &design: BakOS DESIGN 11/11