CCPR/C/116/D/2324/2013
to appropriate information and medical care in Ireland, the Court does not consider that the
prohibition in Ireland of abortion for health and well-being reasons, based as it is on the
profound moral views of the Irish people as to the nature of life … and as to the consequent
protection to be accorded to the right to life of the unborn, exceeds the margin of
appreciation accorded in that respect to the Irish State. In such circumstances, the Court
finds that the impugned prohibition in Ireland struck a fair balance between the right of the
first and second applicants to respect for their private lives and the rights invoked on behalf
of the unborn.” The balance to be achieved has been considered by the Irish electorate on
numerous occasions.
4.11 In K.L. v. Peru and L.M.R. v. Argentina, where the Committee found violations of
article 17, legislation existed which allowed for the therapeutic termination of a pregnancy.
The authors were initially told that they qualified for a termination, but that was then
arbitrarily interfered with and not protected by the States in question. In the present case, no
such conflict arose, as the hospital gave its clear opinion that a termination of pregnancy
would not be available in Ireland. Therefore, the arbitrary interference which occurred in
those cases did not occur in the present communication.
Claims under article 19
4.12 Sufficient information has not been produced to substantiate the claims. Certain
unsubstantiated allegations are made by the author, for example in relation to the midwife.
By claiming that the midwife “refused to discuss” options she suggests an intention on the
part of the midwife, without any further information being put before the Committee. In
referring the author to the appropriate organization from which she could obtain the
information she required, the midwife was not engaged in censorship, Nor was there a
violation of article 19 in circumstances where the referral allowed the author to receive all
information permissible, in fulfilment of article 19 (2). Therefore, in circumstances where
the hospital gave advice to the author to see a counsellor, which referral led to a discussion
of all the available options, there was no violation of article 19. Further, the crisis
pregnancy programme of the Health Service Executive provides a rich resource of
information available to the public at large in relation to crisis pregnancy and abortion. This
resource is free of charge and was available to the author.
Claims under articles 2 (1), 3 and 26
4.13 The State party contends that there has been no discrimination, but that if there has,
it should be regarded as a reasonable and objective differentiation to achieve a purpose
which is legitimate under the Covenant. There can be no “invidious discrimination” in
relation to a pregnant woman, as her physical capacity or circumstances in a state of
pregnancy are inherently different to that of a man. That differentiation is a matter of fact
and can only be accepted as axiomatic.
4.14 There is no basis for considering that the legal framework complained of, article
40.3.3 of the Constitution and the relevant provisions of the 1861 Offences against the
Person Act, discriminate against women on grounds of sex. The framework is gender
neutral. If a man procures or carries out an abortion in circumstances not contemplated by
the Constitution, he may be guilty of an offence. Even if the legal framework did
discriminate on grounds of gender, any such discrimination would be in pursuit of the
legitimate aim of protecting the fetus and be proportionate to that aim. The measures at
issue are not disproportionate, as they strike a fair balance between the rights and freedoms
of the individual and the general interest. Again in this area, in accordance with the
judgment of the European Court of Human Rights, the State party enjoys a margin of
appreciation. Therefore, the differentiation is reasonable and objective and achieves a
legitimate end.
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