Aliens may be detained by Border Guard or Police for a period not exceeding 48 hours. After this period, a court of competent instance shall issue an arrest warrant. This decision can be appealed against, which shall be examined by court immediately. The period of detention must not exceed 90 days, however, it can be prolonged by a specified number of days necessary to execute the decision on the expulsion if that decision was not executed due to the alien's fault. The period of stay in the guarded centre or in the deportation centre may not exceed one year. An alien shall be placed in the guarded centre, if: 1) it is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the proceedings on expulsion or on withdrawal of the permit to settle or of the long-term resident's EC resident permit; 2) there is a well-founded fear that an alien will attempt to evade the execution of the decision on expulsion or on withdrawal of the permit to settle or of the long-term resident's EC resident permit; 3) he/she crossed or attempted to cross the border contrary to the laws, if he/she was not escorted to the border immediately. An alien shall be placed in a deportation centre if any of the abovementioned circumstances take place or there is a fear that an alien will not comply with the rules of stay in force at the detention centre. A decision on placing an alien in a guarded centre or a deportation centre shall not be issued if such decision could pose a risk to his/her life or health. A pregnant woman up to the seventh month of pregnancy can stay at the deportation centre. Children under their parents’ custody can be placed with them in detention centres. An authority responsible for detaining a juvenile alien staying on the territory of the Republic of Poland without custody may address the court of jurisdiction over the place of minor’s detention with an application to place the person in a youth care centre. Visits have not revealed the problem of unjustified placement of any foreigner in a guarded centre or a deportation centre. Foreigners were placed in visited establishments on the basis of admission warrants and decisions of competent common courts. During the visits no irregularities in applying relevant procedures have been found. b) Protection against torture and cruel or degrading treatment or punishment European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (open for signature on 4 November 1950, Dz.U. 1993, No 61, item 284) Art. 3. Nobody can be subject to torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The Universal Declaration of Human Right (Resolution of the UN General Assembly 217 A (III), adopted and proclaimed on 10 December 1948 Art. 5 No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Art. 7 No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation. Resolution of the United Nations General Assembly 43/173 of 9 December 1988: Principle 1. All persons under Any form of detention or imprisonment shall be treated in a humane manner and with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person. Resolution of the United Nations General Assembly 43/173 of 9 December 1988: Principle 6. No person under any form of detention or imprisonment shall be subjected to