CAT/OP/ITA/1 101. The SPT recommends that the State party ensure that: (a) common standards are applied across all CIEs; (b) all immigration detention centres are equipped with adequate recreational, physical and cultural facilities, to which migrants have effective access; (c) there is sufficient privacy for migrants to receive visitors or for couples who are detained. 102. An infirmary was located in all the CIEs. Irregular migrants habitually received a medical check upon arrival. The SPT heard reports that these check-ups were carried out in a rather perfunctory manner. The SPT is concerned that this impedes the identification of victims of sexual abuse, violence or torture. 103. Medics in CIEs maintained a record of all migrants and the treatment they received. Psychologists were not employed in all CIEs. Where there were psychologists, they did not provide individualised psychological medical care, but rather engaged with migrants through art classes, helping to distract them. The SPT witnessed migrants in distress, who also expressed that they suffered from lack of or difficulties sleeping. The SPT is concerned that many individuals who have experienced trauma and violence are not receiving appropriate mental health care. 104. The SPT recommends that the State party: (a) ensure that it appropriately fulfils its duty to identify victims of torture, sexual abuse, violence or trauma and to provide adequate and appropriate physical and psychological medical care and protection; (b) ensure effective and prompt access to individualised mental health care, taking into account gender, age and culture specific needs. 4. Expulsion 105. The SPT observed the transfer of migrants from the CIE in Rome to the bus, which was to transport them to the expulsion aircraft. The SPT was informed that this was a joint FRONTEX forced expulsion operation of Nigerian nationals. The SPT regrets that officers on the ground were not adequately informed of their obligations in relation to the mandate of the SPT, which impeded the SPT from fulfilling its mandate according to OPCAT, Article 11. In particular, the SPT was denied access to places of detention, which included the buses on which migrants were to be transferred to the aircraft, as well as the airport itself. 106. The SPT reminds Italy of its obligations under OPCAT, Article 12(a), by which it must undertake to ensure the SPT can fulfil its mandate. 107. The SPT recognises that Italy has legitimate immigration detention objectives and is entitled to take certain measures in pursuit of border control, law enforcement and migration management objectives. However, the policies and procedures applied must be in conformity with Italy’s human rights obligations, regardless of which authorities perform these measures and where they take place within Italy’s jurisdiction. 108. The SPT is deeply concerned about the manner in which the forced expulsion was conducted and considers it constituted inhuman and degrading treatment and violated Italy’s human rights obligations for the following reasons: (a) Migrants subjected to expulsion as well as the remaining CIE inmates displayed clear signs of suffering extreme stress, anxiety and fear throughout the forced expulsion. In interviews, migrants described how everyone had been treated ‘like animals’ 18