11.1. Children deprived of their liberty The transfer cells had been renovated, the toilet bowls and the doors had been replaced, and new benches had been installed. The number of detainees matched the number of seats. The separation of detainees (minors/adults, women/men, and pre-trial detainees/convicts) was carried out in the five renovated cells. In order to protect non-smokers, no tobacco products may be taken in the transfer cell. To ensure personal and property safety, cameras had been installed on the premises. In 2015, some detainees claimed to have been abused by their fellow inmates. In my report, I pointed out to the management of the Institution that the guards were obliged to protect them from each other as well. Following my recommendation, training programs were held for the staff of the Institution in order to reduce the ill-treatment of and the violence between the detainees. Several international legal documents, e.g., the Nelson Mandela Rules, stress that the education of illiterate prisoners and of young prisoners shall be compulsory. I drew the attention of the Director General of the Hungarian Prison Service to the fact that illiterate detainees should be encouraged to participate in primary education in order to facilitate their reintegration into society. Graduation from primary school would provide additional opportunities to young prisoners to reintegrate, e.g., to obtain their driving license. The knowledge acquired by them would give them moral strength, earn them recognition and provide them with an opportunity to escape their earlier, disadvantaged social environment. In my report on the follow-up inquiry, I suggested that the Governor of the Institution should work out a plan for the involvement of illiterate detainees and those who have not graduated from primary school in primary education. 11.2. Detainees in the penitentiary system Somogy County Remand Prison At the time of the visit, there were 138 detainees registered, six among them not present, in the institution with a capacity of 129. With 132 persons–129 men and three women–held in the institution, the utilization rate was 102%. Most of the detainees, 93 persons, were in pre-trial detention, but there were light, medium and strict regime convicts held in the Institution as well. Since there was no separate unit for juvenile detainees, they were placed in two regular cells. The floor-space of the four-bed cell, inhabited by two under-age men, was 12 square meters. In the other cell that had its own shower room, there were three women in pre-trial detention. One of them was a minor; the other two were adults. The placement of a juvenile 81