[ Democratization ] Judge Bakone Justice Moloto of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia speaking at a training session for judges, prosecutors, and defence lawyers from across Bosnia and Herzegovina as part of the War Crimes Justice Project, Sarajevo, 17 March 2011. (OSCE/Curtis Budden) demonstrations in Minsk following the presidential election on 19 December 2010. The Belarus trialmonitoring report, published in November, includes recommendations to address identified shortcomings, and the Office remains ready to discuss its findings and recommendations with the Belarusian authorities. ODIHR also continued its support for OSCE trial-monitoring activities through the continued development of tools for monitoring operations and sharing of experiences. Work moved forward in 2011 on a digest of international fair-trial standards, a repository of documents from past trial-monitoring operations carried out by the OSCE, and on a handbook on trial-monitoring methodologies. These activities are being carried out in consultation with a board comprising staff from ODIHR and from OSCE field operations. ODIHR and the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina organized the annual OSCE trial-monitoring meeting from 17 to 19 November in Sarajevo. Around 50 participants attended the 2011 event, including, for the first time, ten participants from NGOs involved in trial-monitoring programmes. The meeting included training on the right to liberty and on the participation of victims and witnesses in criminal proceedings. Participants also discussed information-gathering, including gaining access to courtrooms and documents, 24 ODIHR Annual Report 2011 interviews with judges and prosecutors, and advocacy strategies. Criminal Justice Reform In 2011, ODIHR continued to facilitate the exchange of expertise among and provide assistance to participating States in the field of criminal-justice reform. On 10 March in Yerevan, more than 60 participants took part in a conference organized by ODIHR and the OSCE Office in Yerevan to review progress and discuss the continued relevance of recommendations made in an ODIHR trial-monitoring report published in 2010. The Armenian authorities welcomed the report’s input to the process of developing the new Code of Criminal Procedure, and lawyers and civil society representatives in attendance emphasized that the authorities should do more in following up on ODIHR’s recommendations, particularly in relation to investigating allegations of ill-treatment in custody and to alternatives to pre-trial detention.   ODIHR published an analytical report on judicial authorization of pre-trial detention in Kazakhstan in May, presenting the results of a research project carried out by the Office in 2009 and 2010. The report welcomed the transfer of powers to remand suspects in custody from prosecutors to judges but concluded that