to see certain former government officials criminally prosecuted, the Committee recalled its prior jurisprudence that the Covenant does not provide a right for an individual to require that the State party criminally prosecute another person.3 Accordingly, this part of the communication was found to be inadmissible ratione materiae as incompatible with the provisions of the Covenant. Executive: its article 4 only applies to the alleged disappearance of individuals. 5.2 With respect to a constitutional challenge of the law, the author points out that other complainants have already challenged Law No. 15,848 and that the Supreme Court has ruled that it is constitutional. Consideration of and decision on admissibility 7. On 20 March 1992, the Human Rights Committee decided that the communication was admissible in so far as it appeared to raise issues under article 7 of the Covenant. 6.1 At its forty-fourth session, the Committee considered the admissibility of the communication. The Committee ascertained, as it is required to do under article 5, paragraph 2 (a), of the Optional Protocol, that the matter was not being examined by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. The State party's observations 8.1 On 3 November 1992 the State party submitted its observations on the Committee's admissibility decision, focusing on the legality of Law No. 15,848 in the light of international law. It considered the Committee's decision to be unfounded, since the State's power to declare amnesty or to bar criminal proceedings are "matters pertaining exclusively to its domestic legal system, which by definition have constitutional precedence". 6.2 The Committee further took note of the State party's contention that the author had failed to exhaust available domestic remedies and that civil and administrative, as well as constitutional, remedies remained open to him. It observed that article 5, paragraph 2 (b), of the Optional Protocol required exhaustion of local remedies only to the extent that these are both available and effective; authors are not required to resort to extraordinary remedies or remedies the availability of which is not reasonably evident. 8.2 The State party emphasizes that Law No. 15,848 on the lapsing of State prosecutions was endorsed in 1989 by referendum, "an exemplary expression of direct democracy on the part of the Uruguayan people". Moreover, by a decision of 2 May 1988, the Supreme Court declared the law to be constitutional. It maintains that the law constituted a sovereign act of clemency that is fully in accord and harmony with the international instruments on human rights. 6.3 In the Committee's opinion, a constitutional challenge of Law No. 15,848 fell into the latter category, especially given that the Supreme Court of Uruguay has deemed the law to be constitutional. Similarly, to the extent that the State party indicated the availability of administrative remedies possibly leading to the author's compensation, the author plausibly submitted that the strict application of Law No. 15,848 frustrates any attempt to obtain compensation, as the enforcement of the law bars an official investigation of his allegations. Moreover, the author stated that on 27 September 1985 he and others started an action with the Juzgado Letrado de Primera Instancia en lo Penal, in order to have the alleged abuses investigated. The State party did not explain why no investigations were carried out. In the light of the gravity of the allegations, it was the State party's responsibility to carry out investigations, even if as a result of Law No. 15,848 no penal sanctions could be imposed on persons responsible for torture and ill-treatment of prisoners. The absence of such investigation and of a final report constituted a considerable impediment to the pursuit of civil remedies, e.g. for compensation. In these circumstances, the Committee found that the State party itself had frustrated the exhaustion of domestic remedies and that the author's complaint to the Juzgado Letrado de Primera Instancia should be deemed a reasonable effort to comply with the requirements of article 5, paragraph 2 (b). 8.3 It is argued that notions of democracy and reconciliation ought to be taken into account when considering laws on amnesty and on the lapsing of prosecutions. In this context, the State party indicated that other relevant laws were adopted, including Law No. 15,737, adopted on 15 March 1985, which decreed an amnesty for all ordinary political and related military offences committed since 1 January 1962, and which recognized the right of all Uruguayans wishing to return to the country to do so and the right of all public officials dismissed by the military Government to be reinstated in their respective positions. This law expressly excluded from amnesty offences involving inhuman or degrading treatment or the disappearance of persons 3 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fortyfourth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/44/40), annex XI.B, communication No. 213/1986 (H. C. M. A. v. the Netherlands), declared inadmissible on 30 March 1989, para. 11.6; and ibid., Forty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 40 (A/45/40), annex X.J, communication No. 275/1988 (S. E. v. Argentina), declared inadmissible on 26 March 1990, para. 5.5. 6.4 To the extent that the author claimed that the enforcement of Law No. 15,848 frustrated his right 28