All these three elements must be present for a situation to be recognized as trafficking in human beings.52 At least one form of action, one specific means and one form of exploitation needs to be fulfilled in order to qualify a case as trafficking in human beings. Concerning children, the Palermo Protocol makes an exception and does not require all three elements. Even when no means such as abduction or deception have been used, children are considered to be victims of trafficking in human beings if any action was set and a form of exploitation is given.53 If a victim in a first instance gives consent to the acts which later lead to exploitation and trafficking in human beings, this consent is irrelevant if any of the means such as deception have been used. The International Law of Human Trafficking Convention on the Rights of the Child 19