CAT/C/75 page 35 commissions refer to cases of this type, which are frequently classified as “excessive use of force”, “abuse of authority”, or simply “bodily injury”. As already stated with regard to the Tamaulipas Human Rights Commission,28 the Committee members consider that many such cases might constitute torture as defined in article 1 of the Convention. 163. The Tamaulipas Human Rights Commission stated the following in its annual report for 1999: “As far as police officers on patrol are concerned, arbitrary detentions continue to be common practice, generally accompanied by harassment, insults, blows or threats. Alleged offenders may expose themselves to such unlawful treatment simply by asking on what grounds they are being detained.”29 164. The Director of Public Security of the Federal District told the Committee members that the Federal District Human Rights Commission had transmitted to it 23 complaints of abuse of authority and injury for investigation and action since the beginning of the year. The Committee members were provided with copies of the complaints. Following are some examples: “On 7 February 2001 the petitioner lodged a complaint against the members of Department of Public Security patrol No. 02087 for abuse of authority, theft, etc., stating that one of them used a pole to force him out of the taxi which he was driving and struck him in the right ear, knocking him to the ground and breaking his glasses, and that when a wallet containing $370 fell out of his shirt pocket the police officer took the money; once he was on the ground the police officer kicked him twice in the testicles and twice in the abdomen.” “On 14 May 2001, at approximately 2.30 p.m., he was in his shop in the Iztapalapa municipal district, accompanied by his brother [R.M.C.], who was inside the shop drinking a beer, when three police officers from the Federal District Department of Public Security arrived and, abusing their authority, beat and kicked his brother, forced him into patrol car No. 27042 and took him off to places unknown. When he tried to intervene to prevent the detention he himself was threatened with bodily injury by the police. At about 11.30 p.m. that day he received a telephone call from someone claiming to be a Red Cross paramedic, who told him that his brother was at the corner outside the 44th Investigation Bureau (...); going there, he found his brother beaten and bleeding. His brother was transferred to the Red Cross offices in Polanco, where he currently remains, having sustained several fractured ribs, a collapsed lung and several internal haemorrhages; his condition is listed as serious. His brother told him that after picking him up, the police patrol went on beating him and took him to a dark room in the 44th Investigation Bureau, where they again beat him, but flung him outside at the corner when they saw he was having difficulty in breathing and was about to faint.” 4. Torture in prison 165. The third context in which torture is used is that of punishment in prison. For example, Committee members received information about treatment meted out to inmates of the Nuevo León State CERESO, which resulted in National Human Rights Commission recommendation 42/99. Among its comments the Commission stated the following: