E/CN.4/2005/62/Add.2 page 25 educational establishments, an institute for retraining staff of the penal correction system, and more than 80 training centres. The curricula have been revised in the light of the requirements of international and European standards and now include courses in international law, observance of human rights in places of deprivation of liberty, and penitentiary pedagogy, psychology and sociology. In order to meet the changing needs for educational institutions in the penal correction system, specialists are being trained in new specialities: psychology, social work, and State and municipal administration. The potential of the educational institutions and research centres of the penal correction system is rather high. Today, more than 80 doctors of sciences and professors and 400 candidates of sciences and senior lecturers work at research institutes of the penal correction system and educational establishments; they are actively engaged in research with a view to humanizing Russian penal policy and bringing Russian legislation into line with the Constitution and the norms of international law. In 2004, the research institute of the penal correction system is conducting work on the problem of torture: “Torture: historical, social and criminal law aspects”. On the basis of the results of this research, proposals and recommendations will be made on improving criminal, penal enforcement and criminal procedural legislation, and various education materials and practical recommendations for staff of bodies and institutions of the penal correction system will be prepared. In recent years, greater efforts have been made to train staff of internal affairs offices of the Russian Federation in accordance with international standards in the administration of justice. In cooperation with such international organizations as the Council of Europe, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the International Organization for Migration, every year international conferences and round tables are held, new curricula are developed and collections of materials are published. The aim of such work is to improve training of the staff of internal affairs offices in the field of human rights protection in accordance with international standards. In 2004 alone, in cooperation with the Council of Europe, nine seminars were held in various regions of the Russian Federation. On the basis of the Chelyabinsk Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, a contest was held to improve students’ familiarity with the norms of international humanitarian law. The Russian Federation cooperates closely with ICRC, including holding joint training seminars. 114. (ii) The mobilizing of material and technical resources existing in Member States that the Special Rapporteur hopes and trusts could be made available in the same spirit of international solidarity and cooperation as that shown by the Government of the Russian Federation in inviting the Special Rapporteur. Spain Seguimiento dado a las recomendaciones del Relator Especial reflejadas en su informe sobre su visita a España en octobre de 2003 (E/CN.4/2004/56/Add.2, párr. 64-73). 115. Por carta de fecha 16 de noviembre de 2004, el Relator Especial transmitió la siguiente información recibida de fuentes no gubernamentales relativa al seguimiento de las recomendaciones. El Gobierno contestó mediante una carta de fecha 25 de noviembre de 2004. 116. La recomendación a) dice: Las más altas autoridades, en particular los responsables de la seguridad nacional y el cumplimiento de la ley, deberían reafirmar y declarar oficial y públicamente que la tortura y los tratos o penas crueles, inhumanos o degradantes están