3 1.6 In its resolution 25/38, the Human Rights Council encouraged States to make non-lethal weapons available to their officials exercising law enforcement duties, while pursuing international efforts to regulate and establish protocols for training in and use of non-lethal weapons. In its resolution  38/11, the Council further encouraged the establishment of protocols for training in and use of non-lethal weapons, bearing in mind that even less-lethal weapons can result in risk to life. 1.7 In line with international human rights law and principles on the use of force, the present Guidance applies to acts of law enforcement at all times. This includes the use of force both in counterterrorism operations outside the conduct of hostilities during an armed conflict and during situations of internal disturbance and tension, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence, and other acts of a similar nature. The Guidance applies to acts of law enforcement wherever they occur, including extraterritorially, and even in exceptional cases where military personnel are acting as law enforcement officials. 1.8 In this publication, the words “shall”, “should” and “may” are used to convey the intended degree of compliance with the Guidance. This is consistent with the use of such language in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. “Shall” is used to indicate a requirement. “Should” is used to indicate a preferred method or course of action. “May” is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.