19 4.7 TRANSFER 4.7.1 States shall regulate all transfers, including export and import, of less-lethal weapons and related equipment in accordance with their international obligations.59 They should put in place risk assessment procedures to ensure, prior to the authorization of a transfer, that such items are not used to commit or facilitate serious violations of international humanitarian law or violations of the rights to life, to physical integrity, to freedom of peaceful assembly or to fair trial, or of other due process guarantees or other human rights.60 4.7.2 Less-lethal weapons and related equipment whose designated, expected or intended use is tantamount to torture or another form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment shall never be transferred.61 4.7.3 Less-lethal weapons or related equipment that present an undue risk of injury or loss of life following designated, expected or intended use – taking into account also the human rights record of the recipient State – shall not be transferred. 4.8 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND ASSISTANCE 4.8.1 States in a position to do so should consider responding positively to requests for international cooperation and assistance in the supply of appropriate less-lethal weapons and related equipment (including personal protective equipment). States that receive less-lethal weapons and related equipment should consider requesting training on their lawful use. 4.8.2 As a matter of good practice, the provision of assistance should be accompanied by support for training in the appropriate use of the less-lethal weapons and related equipment, and on how to mitigate any negative consequences associated with their use. Such obligations may result, inter alia, from their adherence to the Arms Trade Treaty (2013), under international human rights law, from their membership of regional organizations, or as a result of their adherence to relevant regional treaties. 60 See Arms Trade Treaty, article 7. 61 See for example Omega Research Foundation and Amnesty International, Ending the Trade in the Tools of Torture: Five Key Principles, United Kingdom, 2017 (available at https://bit.ly/2IAADPH). The same applies to any of the weapons mentioned in section 5.1 below. 59