death_penalty_new.qxd 02-08-27 12:57 Page 47 RUSSIAN FEDERATION STATISTICS Number of death sentences passed: None. Number of executions: None. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS Juvenile Offenders: Persons who were below the age of 18 at the time that the crime was committed cannot be sentenced to death169. Pregnant women: Women cannot be sentenced to death170. Clemency/Pardon: The Constitution and the Criminal Code gives the President authority to grant clemency on the basis of an appeal from the sentenced person171. All appeals are reviewed by the President172. The death penalty can be replaced by an act of clemency with life imprisonment or deprivation of liberty for 25 years173. 169 170 171 172 173 Article 59(2) of the Criminal Code. Article 59(2) of the Criminal Code. This article also stipulates that the death penalty cannot be applied to men who are over the age of 65 at the time when the sentence is pronounced. Article 89 (c) of the Constitution and Article 85 of the Criminal Code. Article 184 of the Criminal Executive Code. Following amendments in January 1998, even if a person waives his/her right to appeal for clemency, the person will not be executed until the President has reviewed the waiver. Article 89/c of the Constitution and Articles 59(3) and 85 of the Criminal Code. 47