PART II.  THE RESPONSIBILITY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES Chapter 4. Human resources management In addition to good management, compliance with the principles laid out in this resource book requires law enforcement officials to have the right attitude, skills and expertise, which in turn requires proper human resources management, including recruitment and selection procedures, adequate training and performance management. Chapter 4 goes into such human resource issues: how to recruit and select people with the right skills, competencies and attitude, and train them so that they know how to use means alternative to force to solve conflicts, and if they do have to use force, how they can analyse a situation, with the help of scenario-based training, to identify the most appropriate response. 4.1.  Recruitment, selection and promotion The first step in building a professional workforce is making sure to get the right people to do the job and train them properly.128 In this respect, principle 18 of the BPUFF states: “Governments and law enforcement agencies shall ensure that all law enforcement officials are selected by proper screening procedures, have appropriate moral, psychological and physical qualities for the effective exercise of their functions and receive continuous and thorough professional training. Their continued fitness to perform these functions should be subject to periodic review”.129 Recruitment processes should focus on skills and competencies, the right attitude and moral values, together with physical fitness aspects, required education, and references. Those that do not match pre-set criteria should not be allowed to enter the agency. Recruitment processes should be publicly and widely announced, well-prepared, and implemented in such a way that they result in a work force that is representative of the communities served. The recruitment policies and processes should ensure that applicants with the requisite social attitudes and interpersonal skills are selected. In addition, where the workforce is skewed and has an overrepresentation of one community, for example on ethnic or religious grounds, this is likely to lead to legitimacy deficiencies which may manifest whenever law enforcement officials are to operate 128  In some countries police are responsible for recruitment and training, in others this is the responsibility of the Ministry of Interior. 129  See Guidelines for the Effective Implementation of the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, Guideline IB (1). 53