42  : :  TOLERANCE AND NON-DISCRIMINATION Building a Comprehensive Criminal Justice Response to Hate Crime In 2018, ODIHR published a comprehensive toolkit to help states fulfil their commitments on hate crime. This includes a manual on conducting joint training for police and prosecutors, a methodology on developing an inter-agency cooperation protocol on addressing Ensuring the security of Muslim communities in the long term must start in the classroom. To accomplish this goal, teachers, school principals, activists, Muslim parents, pupils and representatives of religious communities were invited to share their experiences and recommendations to prepare resource materials for teachers to resist intolerance against Muslims. This was part of a series of consultations held in Ireland in co-operation with the Immigrant Council of Ireland between January and May. Countering racism and xenophobia Manifestations of racism and xenophobia continue across the OSCE region. On the margins of the HDIM in September in Warsaw, ODIHR brought together a group of 18 participants from 14 states for a workshop on addressing racism and xenophobia against people of African descent. Participants increased their knowledge of ODIHR’s mandate hate crimes, a methodology to map unreported hate crimes, and guidance for implementing a regional approach to countering hate crime. The publications can be found on the project webpage: https://www.osce. org/projects/criminal-justice-responsehate-crime on addressing racism and xenophobia and the Office’s work on collecting hate crime data, as well as methods to improve civil society reporting on hate crimes against people of African descent. Participants also took an active role in two HDIM working sessions, where they had the opportunity to meet and engage with government officials from a number of OSCE participating States. Addressing intolerance against Christians Christians of various denominations are targets of hate crime across the OSCE region. In 2018, ODIHR published a factsheet on hate crime against Christians, available in English and Russian. The factsheet will assist authorities, civil society and members of Christian communities in recognizing and monitoring hate crimes against Christians. Confronting anti-Semitism Building on the publication Understanding Anti-Semitic Hate Crimes and Addressing the Security Needs of Jewish Communities: A Practical Guide, developed by the project “Words into Action to Address Anti-Semitism”, ODIHR continued working with law enforcement and government officials on the security needs of Jewish communities in Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Poland and Slovakia. A regional workshop focusing on this topic was held in Skopje for officials from the Western Balkan region in November. These events facilitated dialogue between the local Jewish communities and relevant law enforcement officials on anti-Semitic hate crime, and anti-Semitism more broadly.