to their sexual and reproductive life with
full, free and informed consent. Lastly, it
is important to emphasize that all persons
have the right to full information as to the
relative benefits, risks and effectiveness of
all methods of fertility regulation and the
prevention of unplanned pregnancies.
Together with the right to information, the
right to education also serves the goal of
reproductive rights. Women have greater
access to contraceptives when they can
read and understand the risks to their
health and their children caused by close
birth spacing. More than that, guaranteeing
reproductive rights promotes the right to
education, When women are able to determine whether to, when to and how often to
have children, their opportunities to advance
towards secondary and superior education
is improved.
According to UNFPA, fewer children mean
that families and governments can spend
more per child.42 This is especially relevant
for girls, whose education is often sacrificed
if resources are lacking. Furthermore, avoiding early pregnancies and early marriages
encourages girls to stay in school. Guaranteeing the right to information regarding
family planning and the use of contraceptives is also important to avoid early
pregnancies.
The right to receive information on sexual
and reproductive health issues has been
stressed on numerous occasions in the
practice of the United Nations human rights
committees. The Committee on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights, in General
42 UNFPA. “Sexual and Reproductive Health for All:
Reducing Poverty, Advancing Development and Protecting Human Rights” (2010)
108
Comment No. 14 (2000) on the right to
health, stresses the need to remove barriers to women’s access to information and
education; affirms that adolescents must
receive appropriate information and counselling; and refers to information campaigns
with respect to HIV/AIDS and sexual and
reproductive health and rights. General
Comment No. 24 (1999) of the Committee
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women on women and
health underlines the obligation to provide
adequate sexual and reproductive health
education, including on HIV/AIDS and other
STIs, to women and adolescents, including
to trafficked women and girls and irrespective of their residency status. This obligation
is emphasized by the Convention on the
Rights of the Child and the Convention on
the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
All adolescents, irrespective of marital status and parental or guardian consent, should
be provided with sufficient information on
sexual and reproductive health, including
on family planning and contraceptives, the
dangers of early pregnancy, the prevention of HIV/AIDS and the prevention and
treatment of sexually transmitted infections
(STIs). Such information is to be developed
with the active involvement of adolescents.
Indigenous adolescents and adolescents
with disabilities should also have access to
sexual and reproductive health and rights
information.43
43 Committee on the Rights of the Child, General
Comment No. 4 from 2003 on adolescent health
and development, Para. 28; Committee on the Rights
of the Child, General Comment No. 11 on indigenous
children from 2009, Para. 54; Committee on the
Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 9 from
2006, Para. 59.
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