© EPA/ ALI HAIDER The International Defence Exhibition (IDEX) in Abu Dhabi - the largest defence trade fair in the Middle East and North Africa region – where increasing numbers of Chinese companies market law enforcement equipment. A review of the company literature of several Chinese manufacturers of law enforcement equipment – including websites, advertising material and trade fair brochures – shows that they have sold equipment to law enforcement agencies in various world regions. The firm Jiangsu Anhua, for example, says it has exported to over 50 countries including in Africa, South America and the Middle East.96 Thirty-one Chinese companies that have claimed to export their products, have also manufactured or traded electric shock weapons and devices. China Xinxing Import / Export Corporation, which has advertised to supply equipment including thumb cuffs, restraint chairs, and electric shock stun guns and batons, stated in 2012 that it has links with more than 40 African countries and its trade with Africa was worth US$100 million.97 This information tallies with photographic evidence compiled by Omega showing Chinese-made law enforcement equipment in use around the world. For example, news photographs from Ghana,98 Senegal,99 Egypt100 and Madagascar101 show police and other law enforcement officers carrying what appear to be Chinese manufactured electric shock stun batons. Some Chinese companies have also manufactured law enforcement equipment on behalf of other, foreign, companies. For example, the Chinese firm Sure Well International Industrial Limited, claims to have manufactured direct contact electric shock weapons for the firm P.S. Products based in the United States.102 Non-Chinese companies also advertise to supply Chinese-made electric shock equip-ment; for example, the Indian-based firm Constellation International has marketed Chinese electric shock stun batons and electric shock stun guns and has links to Wuhan Huajin Company Limited.103 From the evidence presented above it is clear that some Chinese companies are manufacturing and exporting types of equipment that are inherently inhumane and abusive, openly marketing equipment such as electric shock stun batons, hand / ankle combination cuffs and restraint chairs. Chinese manufactured spiked batons have reportedly been used by law enforcement officials in Nepal and exported from China to Cambodia and Thailand.104 Furthermore, it appears that the Chinese authorities have not established sufficiently robust regulation and oversight to prevent exports of other Chinese-made law enforcement equipment to countries in which the risk of misuse of such equipment is high. 24 China’s Trade in Tools of Torture and Repression Amnesty International – Index: ASA 17/042/2014