programmes and the environment in which they will be released. The risk and needs assessment should form the basis of whether and what kind of disengagement from VERLT programmes should be offered to prisoners. In any event, interventions should be guided by the “do no harm” principle, to ensure they do not have a negative effect on the 383 rights of those targeted. 382 Efforts to support prisoners in withdrawing from VERLT require a holistic approach across a variety of disciplines and must be delivered by multidisciplinary teams who are adequately 384 recruited, vetted and trained. These teams may include religious representatives, psychologists, social workers, healthcare professionals, sports instructors and art therapists. It is beneficial if they reflect the gender, linguistic and ethnic background of 385 individuals they will work with. Community members, family members, CSOs, former violent extremists and, sometimes, victims of terrorist acts may be involved on a caseby-case basis. They may be perceived by prisoners as more independent, legitimate, credible and/or competent in their area. Support from community members and family 386 may be essential to ensuring a smooth reintegration of prisoners upon release. One-to387 one mentoring programmes are also offered in some countries. Attention to rehabilitation and reintegration programmes for (suspected) violent extremist prisoners may require investment. At the same time, the ICRC has warned against a situation where such attention “results in other groups of detainees receiving neither the humane and dignified minimum, nor the necessary management and staff attention”. This may lead to increased risks of human rights violations, including ill-treatment and torture, 388 as well as to potential new threats to security and safety. Record-keeping assists with assessing the effectiveness of interventions and progress made, with ensuring the continuity of activities and treatment, and with adapting them as necessary, based on the needs and circumstances of prisoners, including their mental 389 health needs. Information regarding prisoners’ participation in work, various activities and in disengagement from VERLT programmes should, therefore, be entered in their 382 UNODC, Handbook on the Management of Violent Extremist Prisoners and the Prevention of Radicalization to Violence in Prisons, op. cit., note 2, pp. 70 and 75. 383 Ibid., pp. 102-103. 384 UN Security Council, Resolution 2396 (2017), S/RES/2396 (2017), para. 32: “Underscores the importance of a whole of government approach and recognizes the role civil society organizations can play, including in the health, social welfare and education sectors in contributing to the rehabilitation and reintegration of returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their families” 385 UNODC, Handbook on the Management of Violent Extremist Prisoners and the Prevention of Radicalization to Violence in Prisons, op. cit., note 2, pp. 100-101. 386 In Austria, NEUSTART runs a programme called social net conferencing that “offers offenders in prison the chance to develop a mandatory plan for their future after their release. Offenders work together with their social network (or net) to create this plan, which is then sent to the judge, who issues orders according to the plan, at the trial. The probation officer supervises compliance with the orders and, therefore, also implementation of the plan.” 387 UNODC, Handbook on the Management of Violent Extremist Prisoners and the Prevention of Radicalization to Violence in Prisons, op. cit., note 2, pp. 77-78. 388 ICRC, “Radicalization in Detention – the ICRC’s Perspective”, op. cit., note 134, p. 5. 389 UNODC, Handbook on the Management of Violent Extremist Prisoners and the Prevention of Radicalization to Violence in Prisons, op. cit., note 2, pp. 101-103; Council of Europe, “Council of Europe Handbook”, op. cit., note 2, para. 101. 79