personal file, be regularly reviewed and updated, and be part of the overall file management 390 policy of a prison. A supportive, healthy and constructive prison environment that provides security and safety is a fundamental basis for disengagement efforts. As discussed in Part 1.2, it is crucial to address factors conducive to VERLT in prisons in order to foster disengagement 391 in the long term. Positive relations built on trust between prisoners and staff using a dynamic security approach are vital to the humane treatment of prisoners and can 392 facilitate rehabilitation efforts. Everyone working in the prison has a role to play in this regard, by interacting in a respectful and fair manner with all prisoners, taking time to 393 listen and demonstrating professionalism. Limited access to activities Some prison systems have not (yet) set up programmes for disengagement from VERLT. Others consider the participation of (suspected) violent extremist prisoners in these programmes or in any other general activities, including work, as incompatible with their detention regimes and the requirement that they should not mix with the general population. When prisoners can participate in rehabilitation or other activities, it is most often under specific conditions, such as a limited timeframe and in small group settings. In some OSCE participating States, high-security regimes, where (suspected) violent extremist prisoners may also be held, fail to provide them with tailored, purposeful and varied programmes of activities that would compensate for their severe custodial 394 conditions and aid them on their path to reintegration. The CPT has stressed that the “existence of a satisfactory programme of activities is just as important – if not more so – in a high security unit than on normal location”, considering that such activities should be “as diverse as possible (education, sport, work of vocational value)” and that while work activities may be limited for security consideration, “this should 395 not mean that only a work of a tedious nature is provided for prisoners”. These activities can help (suspected) violent extremist prisoners broaden their perspective, develop new skills (such as critical thinking), build self-esteem and give them a sense of purpose, 396 along with a daily routine. They can all provide positive means of understanding and addressing grievances. As such, these activities support prisoners’ disengagement from VERLT and are an important part of the rehabilitation process. 390 For a detailed analysis on prisoner file management requirements pursuant to the UN Nelson Mandela Rules, see: ODIHR & PRI, Guidance Document on the Nelson Mandela Rules, op. cit., note 10, Chapter 1.1. 391 Speech by Thomas Renard, op. cit., note 53, p. 3. 392 Council of Europe, “Guidelines for Prison and Probation Services regarding Radicalisation and Violent Extremism”, op. cit., note 56, Guideline 12. 393 UNODC, Handbook on the Management of Violent Extremist Prisoners and the Prevention of Radicalization to Violence in Prisons, op. cit., note 2, p. 99. 394 “Report to the Czech Government on the visit to the Czech Republic Carried Out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 2 to 11 October 2018”, para. 51; Le Contrôleur général des lieux de privation de liberté Annual report 2017, p. 92. 395 CPT 11th General Report (CPT/Inf CPT/Inf [2001] 16, para. 32). 396 Council of Europe, “Guidelines for Prison and Probation Services regarding Radicalisation and Violent Extremism”, op. cit., note 56, Guideline 15. 80