8 WHAT IS STRATEGIC LITIGATION? PRACTICE NOTE 5 STRATEGIC LITIGATION OF ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCES IN AFRICA from such litigation, and then defines the frequent outcomes that are produced. Not all ten will be relevant for every case. The ten impacts that are included in the REDRESS impact framework are: • Justice. For many survivors of enforced disappearance and/or their relatives, a declaration that their rights have been violated is why they brought the case, and the finding of a violation may be sufficient satisfaction. This can also come in the form of a public apology. • Truth. Courts can make definitive factual findings, which may be of crucial importance in a campaign for accountability, as well as to ensure the individual and collective right to know what happened to the disappeared. This can be enhanced through strong media coverage of the case. • Material. Specific benefits to the survivors brought about through the litigation can include changes to their situation, employment, health care, education, and financial and non-financial compensation. This may often include physical or psychological rehabilitation. • Community. Beyond the individual survivors, many others in a similar situation are often impacted by a legal decision on a case of enforced disappearance, including by declaring the inapplicability of impunity measures, or contributing to build a historic record of the violations committed. • The Movement. Litigation can energise the movement against enforced disappearance, act as a catalyst for change, empower networks, and encourage new champions and cases. • Stakeholders. Strategic litigation can lead to changes in the attitudes and practice of stakeholders such as politicians, judges, and the police, which is a pre-requisite to change policies and laws. • Policy. Litigation can result in commitments to change policy on enforced disappearance (by the government, police, and courts), including financial commitments.