A/69/44 party on the number of cases of refoulement, extradition and expulsion carried out during the reporting period and on the number of instances and type of cases in which it has offered and/or accepted diplomatic assurances or guarantees (art. 3). The State party should take the necessary steps, in cooperation with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), to review its refugee status determination procedures so as to reduce the backlog of asylum applications. Jurisdiction over acts of torture (13) While noting that article 67 of the Constitution establishes the principles governing extraditions, the Committee is concerned at the lack of clarity regarding the existence of the necessary legislative measures establishing the State party’s jurisdiction over acts of torture (arts. 5, 6, 7 and 8). The State party should ensure that its domestic legislation permits the establishment of jurisdiction over acts of torture, in accordance with article 5 of the Convention. Domestic legislation should include provision to bring criminal proceedings, under article 7, against foreign nationals who have committed acts of torture outside the territory of the State party, who are present in its territory and have not been extradited. Training (14) The Committee takes note of the information provided by the State party on the training courses for judges, magistrates and other public officials that are taught at the Centre for Legal and Judicial Training. However, it regrets the scant information available on the evaluation of such courses and their effectiveness in reducing the incidence of torture and ill-treatment. The Committee is also concerned at the lack of specific training provided to law enforcement officials, judges, prosecutors, forensic doctors and medical personnel dealing with detained persons on how to detect and document physical and psychological sequelae of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (art. 10). The State party should: (a) Provide mandatory training programmes in order to ensure that all public officials, in particular members of the police and prison staff, are fully aware of the provisions of the Convention, that breaches are not tolerated but are investigated and perpetrators brought to trial; (b) Assess the effectiveness and impact of training courses on the incidence of torture and ill-treatment; and (c) Provide training on the use of the Manual on Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Istanbul Protocol) for all relevant personnel, including medical personnel. Conditions of detention in prisons and police stations (15) While acknowledging the steps taken by the State party to improve conditions in detention centres, including the construction of two new penitentiaries and the allocation of additional resources, the Committee remains concerned at the extremely high levels of overcrowding and the harsh conditions prevailing in detention facilities, including holding cells in police stations. According to the information provided by the State party’s delegation, 15,430 inmates in the country’s prisons were being held in facilities built to house 7,804. Furthermore, the State party’s initial report acknowledges the existence of deficiencies in the prison system, such as dilapidated infrastructure, insufficient water GE.14-12596 57