QUESTION 13 Who provides medical or psychological assistance to VoTs once they have been identified? Member centres were asked to indicate the main providers of medical and/or psychological assistance to VoTs once they have been identified within the asylum procedure: (a) state institutions; (b) NGOs; (c) pro-bono doctors; and (d) other non-state actors. Respondents could indicate as many of these categories as relevant. General observations NGOs are the main providers of medical and psychological assistance to VoTs in all countries represented in this survey (100 percent). Centres reported in 78 percent of the represented countries that assistance is also provided by state institutions. In the countries where no state provision is given, NGOs fill the gap (Bulgaria, Hungary, Turkey and New Zealand). Only 22 percent indicate that other non-state actors provide medical or psychological assistance to VoTs. Germany l l l l Armenia l l l l Canada l l l l Australia l l l l France l l l Finland l l Ireland l l Italy l l Netherlands l l Sweden l l Croatia l l Kosovo l l Moldova l l USA l Bulgaria l Hungary l Turkey l New Zealand l l Recognising victims of torture in national asylum procedures / 45