4.8 Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine are instrumental for police to establish and support lasting co-operative relationships with communities, especially in conflict-affected environments.   Cybercrime Activities Related to Threats Posed by Criminal Activities In June, the PCU supported organizing a policy-making session at the Cyber Defence Congress 2018, at which representatives of the authorities and the private sector discussed options for a partnership to develop a legal framework for Cyber/ICT security-related co-operation and to address cyber threats. Trafficking in Human Beings & Migrationrelated Crime From 19 to 21 September and 22 to 24 October, the PCU facilitated two three-day advanced training courses in Kyiv for 40 Cyber-police officers and agents. The courses built on the efforts of earlier re-training programmes and were delivered by national and international experts. They focused on a comprehensive explanation of the most common attacks undertaken remotely in recent history, vulnerabilities in computer systems or applications, and attack vectors used against contemporary computer systems. On 27 February, representatives of the MoI, the international community and Ukrainian civil society presented their 2017 achievements and discussed plans for 2018 regarding CTHB at a conference in Kyiv, which was supported by the PCU. In April, using a training programme developed in 2017 on prosecuting ICT-facilitated crime, the PCU organized two training courses for 48 prosecutors from all oblasts of Ukraine. The PCU also conducted three regional roundtable meetings for a total of 90 law enforcement officials in Kyiv, Odesa and Vinnytsya on combating ICT-facilitated trafficking. On 30 July and 18 October, to raise public awareness on the risks of human trafficking, the PCU, the Ministry of Social Policy, MoI, National Police of Ukraine, other international organizations and local NGOs joined forces to conduct awareness-raising campaigns in all regions of Ukraine devoted to the World Day against Trafficking in Persons and the EU Anti-Trafficking Day. The campaigns took place in 300 locations throughout the country and reached in total around 40,000 people. In November, the OSCE PCU organized a study visit to Oslo, Norway for ten officials from the Department on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings and the Cyberpolice Department of the National Police of Ukraine, General Prosecutor’s Office, as well as judges from the Supreme Court. The agenda of the visit covered issues such as identifying, gathering and securing evidence in ICT-facilitated crimes, as well as tools of international co-operation during the investigation of transnational human trafficking networks. On 13 and 14 November, in Kyiv, the OSCE PCU, jointly with the OSR/CTHB, conducted a training event for 25 CHTB police officers. An additional 45 ICT pieces of equipment were donated to the CTHB Department of the National Police of Ukraine (NPU), including desktop computers, LCD monitors, Uninterruptible Power Supply providers (UPS) routers. 110 In March and June, the PCU supported the participation of Ukraine’s Security Service and Cyber-police representatives in meetings in Vienna of the informal working group established by the PC.DEC/1039. The PCU also developed jointly with NPU’s Cyber-police Department leaflets on information protection on the internet for distribution to government officials, local administrations and education establishments. Border Security and Management / Customs In November, the PCU organized a training seminar in Odesa on terrorism and cross-border crime risk profiling, which was delivered by Lithuanian officials to 25 representatives of the State Border Guard Service and Security Service of Ukraine. Furthermore, a working group of Ukrainian border guards and international experts elaborated technical requirements for an automated risk profiling system to be developed and integrated by the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. PCU experts, together with the border guards and fiscal services of Ukraine, developed a “Joint Training Action Plan and Programme Framework”, which was approved by both agencies and incorporated into their 2019 annual staff training programmes. The plan defines training activities on the identification of hazardous chemicals and specifies land, air and sea border crossing points for joint exercises.