Activities of the Transnational Threats Department regional and international organizations, with the goal of discussing new trends and future developments in police tasks and good practice examples on how to address them. Special focus was put on the digital transformation of police work, including police training, criminal intelligence work and management of police services. TNTD/SPMU used the Forum to meet a number of representatives of police services and law enforcement organizations for potential collaboration and contribution to future OSCE police-related activities, including the 2018 OSCE Annual Police Experts Meeting (APEM) and events planned as part of the OSCE project on ILP. On 23 August, TNTD/SPMU visited the National Estonian Police in Tallinn, Estonia to identify and assess good practices that could be presented in future OSCE activities on ILP, community policing and cybercrime projects. OSCE partner organizations had recommended the Estonian Police as a good practice example for an integrated approach to ILP and a potential contributor to the OSCE ILP project. TNTD/ SPMU was briefed on the Estonian criminal intelligence system, national threat assessments and criminal analysis, and on how local level law enforcement is integrated into the comprehensive national level management and control. On 14 September, TNTD/SPMU organized a workshop on “How can Intelligence-Led Policing Complement and Strengthen Community-Policing?” in Yerevan, Armenia. The event gathered 25 managers from the Armenian National Police and Armenia’s National Police Educational Complex. Participants were introduced to ILP, especially in the context of local and community-based policing. Experts from TNTD/ SPMU, Canada, Estonia and the United Kingdom presented good practice examples to the Armenian colleagues and discussed ways to strengthen community policing initiatives in Armenia. On 18 and 19 September, TNTD/SPMU participated in a regional workshop in Struga, North Macedonia, on the implementation of ILP. The event, organized by the OSCE Mission to Skopje, was attended by ministerial and law enforcement representatives from Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia. Its aim was to discuss the implementation of ILP in these countries and share challenges and good practices. TNTD/SPMU gave a presentation on the OSCE-recommended ILP model presented in the OSCE Guidebook on Intelligence-Led Policing and participated in discussions on the practical implementation of ILP. On 14 November, TNTD/SPMU, together with the League of Arab States (LAS), organized an event to launch the Arabic version of the OSCE Guidebook on Intelligence-Led Policing in the LAS headquarters in Cairo, Egypt. The event was attended by 19 of the 21 LAS Member States, as well as representatives of law enforcement agencies of the Arabic-speaking OSCE Mediterranean Partners for Co-operation and experts from UNODC, INTERPOL and Europol. The participants were introduced to the OSCE-recommended model on ILP presented in the guidebook and to methods and practices for assessing threats and prioritizing law enforcement investigations and operations. On 13 December, TNTD/SPMU organized a workshop on “Proactive and Intelligence-Led Approaches for Targeting Serious and Organized Crime” in the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) of the Republic of Belarus in Minsk. Thirty high- and mid-level law enforcement managers from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Moldova and the Russian Federation were introduced to the OSCE-recommended ILP model and discussed good practices and challenges in countering organized crime groups active in these countries. Experts from Europol, ODIHR and the Swedish National Police introduced threat assessment methods, organizational structures and human rights related to the workshop’s subject matters. Community Policing and Police-Public Relations From 19 to 23 February, TNTD/SPMU conducted a needs assessment focusing on the implementation of community policing in Armenia. The assessment was undertaken as part of the OSCE Armenia Co-operation Programme, established following the closure of the OSCE Office in Yerevan on 31 August 2017. This included TNTD/SPMU reaching out to more than 100 relevant stakeholders from governmental institutions, including Armenia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), the National Police, local communities, civil society organizations (CSO) and the media in the country. Conclusions and recommendations of concrete capacitybuilding activities were presented in a TNTD/SPMU needs assessment report in March 2018. From 29 to 31 October, TNTD/SPMU presented and discussed the recommendations presented in the needs assessment report in Armenia with representatives of the MFA and the National Police. In accordance with identified needs, TNTD/SPMU proposed a set of activities to be taken into consideration and prioritized by the Armenian Government. Additionally, TNTD/SPMU met the representatives of the UN and the Council of Europe (CoE) offices in Armenia to obtain information on possible cross-cutting issues and activities. Following these meetings, an extra-budgetary project (ExB) will be drafted in the beginning of 2019. On 9 October, TNTD/SPMU presented the OSCE’s work in the area of community policing at the “European Crime 17