CAT/C/RWA/CO/1 (c) Avoiding long periods of pretrial detention and ensuring that pretrial detainees receive a fair and speedy trial; (d) Ensuring that minors are separated from adults, and that pretrial detainees are separated from convicted detainees; (e) Ensuring that mothers detained with their babies are placed in more appropriate settings. Juvenile justice 20. The Committee is concerned that minors under 12 years of age who are in conflict with the law can be detained for a maximum period of eight months, and that such minors are not always detained separately from adults. The Committee is also concerned about reports that some minors are arrested and detained for vagrancy without any legal safeguards (arts. 2, 10 and 16). The State party should take steps, as a matter of urgency, to avoid detaining minors in conflict with the law and, as an alternative to imprisonment, provide them with special care. The State party should also ensure that all minors are only deprived of their liberty as a last resort and for a short period of time. The State party should further ensure that minors deprived of their liberty enjoy full legal safeguards, and if convicted, that they are detained separately from adults. Training 21. While noting information provided by the State party on human rights training conducted for law enforcement personnel, medical doctors and nurses, National Prison Service staff, Judicial Police officers, including on the principles set forth in the Convention, the Committee is concerned at the lack of information on the impact of such training in combating torture and ill-treatment and on its evaluation. It is also concerned at the lack of information on the training provided to medical doctors with regard to identifying acts of torture includes familiarization with the Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the Istanbul Protocol) (art. 10). The State party should reinforce training programmes addressed to law enforcement officials, civil, military and medical personnel, public officials and other persons who may be involved in the custody, interrogation or treatment of individuals subjected to arrest, detention or imprisonment. It should assess the effectiveness of the training provided and ensure that the Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the Istanbul Protocol) is included in the training programmes. Redress, compensation, rehabilitation 22. The Committee expresses concern about information provided in the State party’s report that further to legislation, “the right of victims to obtain compensation is subject to authentic act or recognition from the perpetrator of the offence giving rise to compensation”.. The Committee is of the opinion that this requirement may prevent victims of torture or ill-treatment from obtaining redress, including compensation, in compliance with the Convention. The Committee also expresses concern at the lack of cases in which the State party has been liable for compensation in relation to damages caused by its agents in connection with torture and ill-treatment, despite the provisions in the Civil Code (Book III, arts. 258-262) relating to civil liability with respect to offences and quasi-offences (art. 14). The State party should review its legislation and remove the condition based on “recognition of offence by the perpetrator” so as to ensure that victims of torture may 7