CAT/C/BGD/CO/1 (e) That only 12 out of 68 prisons in the State party have hospitals and that out of the 170 positions for medical doctors only a dozen are filled, reportedly since doctors fear for their health because of the poor sanitary and hygiene conditions; (f) About the high number of deaths in custody, which the authorities attribute to natural causes or suicide, but some of which actually result from injuries caused by torture and excessive use of force by the police, as well as poor conditions, the negligence of the prison authorities and the lack of access to treatment. It is also seriously concerned that 11 persons died of illness in prisons between January and March 2019 and that almost all prisoners come into contact with communicable and non-communicable diseases and develop illnesses; (g) That juvenile prisoners are held with adults, that female detainees may be held with male prisoners and that prisons have not been adapted for inmates with disabilities (arts. 2, 11, 12, 13 and 16). 33. The State party should: (a) Urgently take all necessary measures to improve conditions of detention in all places of deprivation of liberty in order to bring them into line with international standards, including the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules) and the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules); (b) Urgently take measures to decrease overcrowding in prisons by ensuring that persons held in pretrial detention are not kept in custody for an unreasonable period of time and substantially reduce the number of persons held on remand, or in other types of pretrial detention, by loosening bail requirements and accelerating the process of release on parole, providing for restorative justice and actively promoting alternatives to detention in keeping with the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (the Tokyo Rules); (c) Urgently take measures to improve the material conditions in places of deprivation of liberty, including access to food of adequate quality and quantity, better sanitary and hygiene conditions, bedding, lighting and ventilation, as well as recreational and other meaningful activities, and build new and refurbish older prisons; (d) Eradicate corruption in prisons, including the extortion of prisoners and their relatives, take steps to address the collusion of custodial staff with criminal gangs in the prison system, ensure the right of detainees to be treated with humanity and dignity and reduce violence, including inter-prisoner violence; (e) Maintain the “zero tolerance” policy against custodial death owing to omission or commission on the part of law enforcement agencies and against torture or any other forms of ill-treatment, as stated by the Minister of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs during the constructive dialogue with the Committee, and ensure prompt and independent investigations into all deaths in custody, regardless of their causes; (f) Ensure adequate health care by hiring, as a matter of priority, additional medical doctors to fill all the vacant positions, including specialists, and nurses who are available around the clock, ensure prompt referrals and delivery by ambulances for specialist care outside detention facilities, introduce health screening of inmates before admission to places of detention and of the entire inmate population, and take vigorous steps to prevent the infection of prison inmates who are healthy on arrival; (g) Put in place systems to separate juveniles from adult prisoners and convicted prisoners from remand detainees, strictly separate female from male detainees and ensure that women are detained in gender-sensitive conditions, and ensure that inmates with disabilities are held in humane conditions and that prisons are adapted to their needs; 11