Section 4. Findings Section 4. Findings 4.1 This section begins with an exploration of the demographics and background characteristics of respondents. A full breakdown can be found in Annex 1. We then present survey findings in the order of a child’s ‘journey’ through custody, from arrival and induction to release and resettlement. 4.2 Overall findings from children in secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs) are outlined and statistically significant differences in the experiences of children in the two types of establishment are highlighted. Notable variation in children’s responses between each STC and YOI are also presented. 4.3 Sub-population analyses12 have also been carried out and statistically significant differences are indicated. Background characteristics of children Overall profile of children responding to our survey 4.4 Overall 717 children returned questionnaires. 4.5 Of those who filled in a questionnaire, 98% indicated that they were male and 98% reported that they were aged 15 years or over. Just over one in 10 (11%) children had turned 18 at the time of our surveys.13 4.6 More than half (53%) identified as being from a black and minority ethnic background and almost one in 10 (9%) said they were from a Traveller community.14 4.7 Nearly half of respondents (46%) reported that they were Christian, and almost a fifth (19%) said that they were Muslim. Just under one-third (32%) of respondents indicated that they did not have a religion. 4.8 Over one-third (34%) of children said that they had health problems at the time of the survey (including mental health problems) and more than a quarter (26%) reported having a disability.15 4.9 More than half (52%) told us that they had been in the care of a local authority and one in 10 (10%) said that they had children of their own. 12 13 14 15 For the complete list of sub-population analyses carried out for both STCs and YOIs, see the online appendices. If children only have a short time left to serve after their 18th birthday, it may be considered too disruptive to move them to a different type of establishment for such a short period, in which case – dependent on a risk assessment – they would remain in the YOI. Children turning 18 but sentenced to a detention and training order (DTO) will also remain in a YOI unless they pose a risk to other young people. A Traveller community was defined as anyone who identified as Gypsy, Roma or Irish Traveller. Disability was defined as any physical, mental or learning needs that affect your day-to-day life. Children in Custody 2018–19 23