-7 4.2.1. Gathering data and information before the visit................................. 49 4.2.2. Length of the visits........................................................................ 50 4.2.3. Composition of the visiting team...................................................... 50 4.3. Conducting a visit....................................................................................... 51 4.3.1. Observation of prison conditions and culture..................................... 51 4.3.2. Interviews.................................................................................... 52 4.3.3. Review of prisoner files, documentation and registers........................ 54 4.3.4. Surveys....................................................................................... 55 4.3.5. Triangulation of sources................................................................ 57 5. Guidance for the effective monitoring of prison violence................................................................................................... 58 5.1. Safety and security: The perception of safety and security of prisoners and staff................................................................................. 58 5.2. Ensuring accountability and protecting protecting persons at risk............... 60 5.3. Living conditions of prisoners................................................................. 62 5.4. Staff-prisoner relationships.................................................................. 64 5.5. Staff professionalism and working conditions............................................ 68 Further Reading........................................................................................ 70 Monitoring Prison Violence