Communications and the private business sector raised awareness on how to better implement preventive measures of the international legal framework against terrorism and the Terrorist Bombings Convention. Other topics included the legal use of explosives in industry and business, explosive precursors, use of fertilizers and other chemicals in industry and agriculture and using public-private partnerships to effectively prevent and combat terrorism. On 25 November, the Centre, jointly with the Committee on Religious Affairs of Culture and Sport Ministry and the Institute for Strategic Studies under the President, co-organized an international conference on countering the use of the Internet for terrorist purposes for some 100 government officials, parliamentarians, information technology and information security specialists, academics, theologians and journalists, including 20 experts and scholars from Austria, Azerbaijan, Germany, Kazakhstan, Italy, Moldova, the Russian Federation, Turkey, the UK, the US, Uzbekistan and the UAE, representatives from United Nations agencies and the CIS Anti-Terrorism Centre for Central Asia and advisers from the Office of the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media and the OSCE Transnational Threat Department. Participants discussed issues related to terrorist organizations receiving support via Internet technology and assessed the merits of developing practical guidelines on preventing the use of the Internet for terrorist purposes, setting a legal framework and enhancing international co-operation to counter the dissemination of violent extremist ideology and illegal content. On 19 December, the Centre co-organized with the Prosecutor General’s Office Institute a conference on mechanisms to enhance the effectiveness of international co-operation in preventing and combating violent extremism and terrorism. More than 140 government officials, prosecutors and other law-enforcement officers, parliamentarians, academics and representatives of non-governmental and international organizations took part in the discussion, as well as some 150 prosecutors and law-enforcement officers from across the country, who participated in the event via video conference. Leading experts from Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Uzbekistan, as well as representatives of CARICC, the Commonwealth of Independent States’ Anti-Terrorism Centre for Central Asia and the UN Department of Public Information in Kazakhstan, also took part in the event. The international attendees shared national and international perspectives on preventing and countering violent extremist, terrorist activities and terrorism financing. They explored and discussed ways to improve co-operation, co-ordination and interaction of law enforcement agencies of bordering states and international organizations, examined the phenomenon of foreign terrorist fighters and discussed the role of the media and civil society in countering violent extremism and terrorism. Human Rights From 22-24 October, the Centre, in partnership with the Interior Ministry and the Kazakhstan International Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law, co-organized a train-the-trainers seminar on human rights for some 30 police instructors from across the country. This socalled “Master Class” is the continuation of a series of training events within the framework of the Centre’s multi-year efforts to promote democratic policing. The Bureau’s experts shared best practices and international experience. The participants received handbooks in the Kazakh and Russian languages tailored to teach and train police officers on legal and practical aspects of human rights protection in an attractive way. Anti-Corruption From 23- 25 July, over 40 mid-level professional staff officers from the headquarters and the regional branches of the Financial Police Agency attended a workshop conducted by national and international trainers from Italy, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation and Turkey. Co-organized by the Financial Police Agency, the Centre and the US Embassy, the event 137