Further, ED can amount to a crime against humanity if carried out as part of a systematic and widespread attack against a civilian population.11 In the context of international and non-international armed conflicts, States are required to prevent instances of missing persons and ED with respect to persons deprived of their liberty by establishing mechanisms to account for and register such persons, and allow for visits.12 Further, under IHL, States have an ongoing obligation to search for the missing and investigate such cases.13 11 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Article 7(1). 12 Customary IHL, ICRC: Rule 98, Enforced disappearance is prohibited; ICRC: Rule 123, The personal details of persons deprived of their liberty must be recorded. 13 Customary IHL, ICRC: Rule 117, Each party to the conflict must take all feasible measures to account for persons reported missing as a result of armed conflict and must provide their family members with any information it has on their fate. 13