STRAPPED DOWN AND SHOCKED According to media reports, 18-year-old Jordan Norris was arrested on 3 November 2016 by Cheatham County police in Tennessee, USA, for possession of drugs and weapons. On 5 November 2016 while in detention, he began to suffer a “mental health episode” and banged his head against the door. He was put on “suicide watch” while a nurse was called to attend to him. During this period, he was placed in a restraint chair and his arms, chest, waist and legs were strapped down. While he was restrained, a cloth gag was placed in his mouth and two deputies held him down while a third used a taser four times in direct contact mode against his chest, close to his heart. The incident was filmed by the Cheatham County Police Department video surveillance camera, which recorded the deputy with the projectile electric shock weapon telling Norris: “I’ll keep on doing that until I run out of batteries.”7 TORTURED WITH ELECTIC SHOCK WEAPONS Amnesty International documented multiple cases of torture and other ill-treatment by Egypt’s National Security Agency (NSA) in the context of counter-terror operations in 2015 and 2016. 8 According to former detainees, their families and lawyers, techniques used were beating; prolonged suspension by the limbs from a ceiling or door while handcuffed and blindfolded; and the application of electric shocks, mostly using electric shock weapons, to the genitals and other sensitive areas of the body and face. Some detainees reported that they were subjected to the “grill”, a method in which the victim is rotated over a rod inserted between his tied hands and legs and balanced between two chairs. Some detainees say that while detained in NSA premises they were handcuffed to another detainee on one side and on the other side to a high wall to prevent them from sleeping, which damaged their wrists, arms and shoulders.9 1.1.2 ABUSIVE RESTRAINTS In his 2013 report to the UN General Assembly the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture stated that “the use of physical restraints that are inherently inhuman, degrading or painful (such as electro-shock stun belts and restraint chairs) has humiliating and degrading effects and has been condemned and prohibited by both the Special Rapporteur and the Committee against Torture as methods of restraining those in custody.”10 Unfortunately a range of inherently abusive restraints including hoods, leg irons, restraint chairs and restraint beds continue to be employed in all regions of the world.11 RESTRAINT BEDS Following its 2016 mission to Spain, the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) raised concerns regarding the use of restraint beds in juvenile detention centres and called for an end to such practices. In Tierras de Oria centre “Juveniles were fixated to the bed face down, with their wrists and ankles (and sometimes the torso) 7 “Deputies tortured a restrained teenager by using a stun gun on him, lawyers say”, Washington Post, 2 August 2017, www. washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/08/02/would-you-like-to-comply-deputies-used-torture-by-tasering-a-restrainedinmate-lawyers-say/ 8 Amnesty International, Egypt: ‘Officially, you do not exist’: disappeared and tortured in the name of counter-terrorism, (Index: MDE 12/4368/2016) 9 Amnesty International, Egypt: ‘Officially, you do not exist’, 10 Interim Report to the General Assembly, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, UN Doc. A/68/295, (2013), para. 58 11 Although use of restraint chairs and restraint beds for law enforcement is inappropriate and should be prohibited, they may have legitimate employment in restricted and carefully controlled medical contexts, for instance to prevent movement during emergency treatment, or to prevent suicide or self-harm. ENDING THE TORTURE TRADE THE PATH TO GLOBAL CONTROLS ON THE ‘TOOLS OF TORTURE’ Amnesty International | Omega Research Foundation 9

Select target paragraph3