that among people aged 80 and over, women are twice as likely to live alone.127 Such strict bans on movement for elderly women can impinge on their right to health (associated with lack of exercise and increased social isolation).128 In Serbia, strict curfews based on age were found to have been especially harmful to women farmers, most of whom are over age 65, because they have not been able to plant crops or to sell their produce at green markets,129 thus depriving them of their livelihoods. Recommended actions to protect women’s rights Before initiating lockdowns, contingency planning should be conducted to identify the potential need for increased protection and social services for women survivors of violence who are confined to the home with perpetrators. In Uzbekistan, for example, the Commission for Ensuring Gender Equality of the Oliy Majilis, the national parliament, launched a dedicated hotline offering free psychological and legal consultations to survivors of domestic violence for a three-month period, to coincide with the imposition of quarantine measures.130 The capacity of law enforcement bodies and the judiciary to respond in cases of domestic violence (e.g., processes to issue and implement emergency protection orders) should be strengthened as soon as stay-at-home orders are put in place. Special protocols should be developed to facilitate this. Additional and alternative support services for survivors of domestic violence should be planned for and implemented as soon as restrictions on movement are enacted. Consultations with service-providing organizations and women’s CSOs should inform the development of support systems that will be accessible, safe and appropriately promoted to survivors of violence during periods of lockdown. An innovative solution by the French government was the creation of pop-up counselling centres in supermarkets, where women could seek advice when shopping.131 127 OECD, “Women at the Core of the Fight against COVID-19 Crisis, Version 1st”, op. cit., note 53, p. 10. 128 Prechtl, M., COVID-19- The Impact on Older Women, Soroptomist International website, 2 June 2020, <https://www.soroptimistinternational.org/covid-19-the-impact-on-older-women/>. 129 UN Women, “In the words of Jelena Ruzic: ‘Economic Losses Will Be Tremendous, and Women Farmers Do Not Even Dare To Calculate Them Now,” 28 April 2020, <https://eca.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2020/4/ in-the-words-of-jelena-ruzic>. 130 Self-isolation became mandatory for much of the country on 6 April 2020; the hotline was established several days later. See: Information Service of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, “Налажена работа телефона доверия Гендерной комиссии [Initiation of a Telephone Hotline of the Gender Commission]”, 11 April 2020, <http:// senat.uz/ru/lists/view/1312>. 131 France 24, “France To Put Domestic Violence Victims in Hotels as Numbers Soar Under Coronavirus Lockdown”, 30 March 2020, <https://www.france24.com/en/20200330-france-to-put-domestic-violence-victims-in-hotelsas-numbers-soar-under-coronavirus-lockdown>. 38