treatment or punishment. Its scope of application must include all violations of the prohibition of torture and other forms of ill-treatment. 93. Finally, on the evidentiary value of confessions, confessions alone should never be sufficient to secure a conviction, but should always require further supportive evidence. States should develop methods of crime investigation capable of reducing reliance on confessions, and other evidence and information obtained via interrogations, as a means to prevent torture and other forms of ill-treatment. Where an initial confession is extracted by torture or other forms of ill-treatment, a subsequent non-coerced and otherwise legal confession should be considered inadmissible as being “fruit of the poisonous tree”. All of which is respectfully submitted Geneva, Switzerland - 10 September 2010 Mark Thomson Secretary General Association for the Prevention of Torture (APT) 21