29. Of particular relevance to this Manual are articles 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the Convention, which apply to the acts defined in both articles 1 and 16. Article 10 details the necessity to include education and information regarding the prohibition of torture in the training of any persons who may be involved in the custody, interrogation or treatment of any individual subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment. Article 11 emphasizes that States parties shall keep under systematic review all procedures pertaining to the arrest, detention or imprisonment of individuals with a view to preventing torture. Articles 12 and 13 ensure that States parties conduct an impartial investigation whenever there are reasonable grounds to believe that an act of torture has been committed, and guarantee victims of torture a right to complain and to have their case promptly and impartially examined by competent authorities, protecting all witnesses and complainants from ill-treatment or intimidation. Additionally, under articles 2, 3, 14 and 15 of the Convention, States parties are obliged to take effective legislative, administrative, judicial or other measures to prevent acts of torture; to commit to the principle of non-refoulement when there are grounds to suspect that a returned person would be tortured; to compensate victims and their dependants; and to exclude evidence or statements obtained through torture. Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture 30. On 18 December 2002, by its resolution 57/199, the General Assembly adopted the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Article 1 states the Protocol's objective, namely to establish a system of regular visits undertaken by independent international and national bodies to places where people are deprived of their liberty, in order to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Article 2 establishes a Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment to carry out the functions of the Protocol. In addition, article 3 requires each State party to set up, designate or maintain at the domestic level one or several visiting bodies for the prevention of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 31. On 1 July 2002, the Rome Statute establishing a permanent International Criminal Court entered into force. The Statute has to date been ratified by 89 States. The Court has a mandate to try individuals and to hold them accountable for the most serious crimes, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. Article 7, dealing with crimes against humanity, is particularly relevant to this Manual. It defines torture as a crime against humanity when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 32. The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination entered into force in January 1969, prohibiting all forms of racial discrimination in the political, economic, social and cultural spheres. It currently has 168 States parties. 11