■ An exercise area should be identified within the prison which is secure and easy for staff to observe. Ideally, it should be provided with a lavatory and drinking water. The route to it from the prisoners' accommodation should be secure and easy for staff to supervise. ■ Young prisoners tend to be more volatile and impulsive. They may need more organized exercise, possibly in the form of physical exercise or competitive games to channel their surplus energy into constructive activity. ■ It may be possible to have a small number of personnel who are qualified physical trainers and can organize activities in the fresh air for prisoners. TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION Some prisons, especially older ones, are in built-up urban areas with very little outdoor space. What steps can be taken to make the best use of the space which is available? Other prisons have a lot of available space, but prisoners are not given access to it for security reasons. How can this matter be dealt with so that the best use is made of the space without compromising security? CASE STUDIES 1. Imagine that you work in a prison where prisoners are taken each day from their accommodation blocks to have one hour's exercise walking round a large yard. Your task is to redesign the exercise yard in such a way that prisoners can be more active while they are exercising. You must also work out a system which allows them to use the yard for much longer periods each day. 2. You are a senior prison administrator. The director of the local higher training college contacts you to say that some students would like to help by supervising exercise for the prisoners. How would you react to such an offer? 79