methodologies were used to influence the system in which rights of suspected and accused persons are exercised by generating positive narratives, opening up the space for opportunities for change, and looking for leverage points. Based on this approach, the 28 months project started with a research phase aimed at collating existing knowledge and information on practical barriers to implementation and promising practices on selected thematic areas: right to information, access to a lawyer, legal aid, and audio-visual recordings, as well as the procedural rights of children as a cross-cutting issue. The research focused on four EU Member States: Austria, Ireland, Romania, and Spain. Additional practices and examples from other EU Member States were gathered via regional consultations as well as the regional research conducted by Fair Trials Europe. As a second step, four national roundtables were conducted in Austria, Ireland, Romania, and Spain, bringing together selected stakeholders in the area of procedural rights. Among these key stakeholders were representatives from the ministry of justice and interior, lawyers, police officers, prosecutors, civil society actors, and academics. Further, four regional consultations were held in the respective partner countries. Each corresponded to the following topics: • • • • Right to information, which took place in Vienna on 5-6 April 2022 and was organised by the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Fundamental and Human Rights; Access to a lawyer, which took place in Bucharest on 17-18 May 2022 and was organised by APADOR-CH (Romania); Access to legal aid, which took place in Madrid on 21-22 June 2022, and was organised by Rights International Spain (Spain); Audio visual recording, which took place in Dublin on 18-19 July 2022 and was organised by Irish Council for Civil Liberties (Ireland). These regional consultations gathered national practitioners and decision-makers from the targeted countries and international experts. They served to facilitate peer exchange between national authorities and practitioners, and among practitioners themselves to enhance understanding of promising practices and willingness to change. Finally, an EU workshop with civil society organisations (CSOs) was held in Brussels on 18 October 2022 (hereafter EU workshop). The EU workshop, organised by Fair Trials Europe, gathered CSO representatives from across the EU which are actively involved in defending fundamental rights, to discuss the project findings and the role of CSOs in the process of implementing practical change. The project concluded with the publication of four thematic factsheets and this final report. The project findings strive to reflect multi- and interdisciplinary perspectives. All project consultations in fact gathered external stakeholders from various fields, such as law, law enforcement, medicine, psychology, linguistics, etc. This project was designed as a follow-up to the comprehensive research of ‘Inside Police Custody 2’, which already identified challenges and reform needs by conducting observational research in police stations and interviews with lawyers, police officers as well as with suspected and accused persons or former detainees.7 Building on these results, our project aimed to understand in more detail possible solutions and why change does or does not occur. Hence, the project team decided to primarily target stakeholders who may have the power or the influence to implement change. This approach was also chosen considering the 2-year duration of the project. 7. Lloyd-Cape, ‘Inside Police Custody 2’ (2018) and all project countries report as quoted in footnote 5 above. 8