A/HRC/7/3/Add.7 page 15 35. The Special Rapporteur received several complaints about the quantity and quality of food. In many cases, detainees indicated that they received only one portion of very basic food for up to four persons. He was informed that some detainees, once they were transferred to the authority of the prosecutor, stopped receiving food altogether, even though they remained in police custody. The officer in charge at Polres Abepura admitted that if the prosecutor did not provide the funds for buying food for the detainees, they were not provided any. 36. Lack of access to medical care was another major concern, in some cases exacerbated by the fact that detainees had sustained injuries during arrest and during interrogation and were in urgent need of medical attention. Corruption and lack of resources 37. The Special Rapporteur received numerous and consistent allegations that corruption is deeply ingrained in the criminal justice system. Several sources indicated that at every stage, starting from the police and the judiciary to the detention centres and prisons, corruption is a quasi-institutionalized practice. This is of particular concern in detention situations, where it can lead to significant discrimination in terms of conditions, notably access to food, sanitary facilities, health care and the possibility to receive visitors. At the same time, corruption also has an impact on how a prisoner is treated; some detainees alleged that they have to pay in order not to be subjected to beatings upon arrival in prison and during police interrogation. 38. The Special Rapporteur recognizes that insufficient conditions in detention facilities, such as the lack of adequate food and access to health care, are aggravated by the lack of resources faced by some institutions/authorities. Well aware of the complexity of the reasons for corruption, the Special Rapporteur notes that the eradication of corruption which might result in discriminative practices and ill-treatment is dependent on adequate salaries and working conditions for police officers and prison guards.6 C. Excessive violence during police and military operations 39. The Special Rapporteur has received consistent allegations about the use of excessive force by security forces.7 It is reported that in particular in Papua, mobile paramilitary police units (Brigade Mobil or Brimob) have routinely been engaging in largely indiscriminate village “sweeping” operations in search of alleged independence activists and their supporters, or raids on university boarding houses, using excessive force. Recently, allegations have been made about incidents in border areas, where the military is strengthening its presence. The Special Rapporteur considers that these consistent allegations from a number of credible sources, 6 Indonesia is ranked 143rd on the Corruption Perception Index 2007 issued by Transparency International. This index ranks 180 countries by their perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys. 7 See e.g. Human Rights Watch: Out of Sight. Endemic Abuse and Impunity in Papua’s Central Highlands. Vol. 19, No. 10 c. July 2007; also International Crisis Group: Jihaddism in Indonesia: Poso on the Edge, Asia Report No. 127, 24 January 2007.