Advance unedited version seeker, an unaccompanied minor, a woman who has been subjected to violence or a person with disabilities (measures of protection).69 41. Guarantees and safeguards should include linguistic, legal, medical, social and, when necessary, financial assistance as well as the right to a recourse against a decision of deportation within a reasonable timeframe for a person in a precarious and stressful situation and with the suspensive effect of the enforcement of the deportation order. In particular, an examination by a qualified medical doctor, including as requested by the complainant to prove the torture that he/she has suffered, should always be ensured, regardless of the authorities’ assessment on the credibility of the allegation, 70 so that the authorities deciding on a given case of deportation are able to complete the assessment of the risk of torture on the basis of the result of the medical and psychological examinations, without any reasonable doubt.71 42. Torture victims and other vulnerable persons frequently suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) which can result in a broad range of symptoms, including involuntary avoidance and dissociation. These symptoms may affect the ability of the person to disclose all relevant details or to relay a consistent story throughout the proceedings. In order to ensure that victims of torture or other vulnerable persons are afforded an effective remedy, States parties should refrain from following a standardized credibility assessment process to determine the validity of a non-refoulement claim. As regards potential factual contradictions and inconsistencies in the author's allegations, the States parties should appreciate that complete accuracy can seldom be expected from victims of torture.72 43. To determine whether there are substantial grounds for believing that a person would be in danger of being subjected to torture if deported, the Committee considers crucial the existence in the State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violations of human rights referred to in Article 3, paragraph 2, of the Convention. These violations include, but they are not limited to: (a) widespread use of torture 73 and impunity of its perpetrators;74 (b) harassment and violence against minority groups;75 (c) situations conducive to genocide;76 (d) widespread gender-based violence;77 (e) widespread use of sentencing and imprisonment of persons exercising fundamental freedoms;78 and (f) situations of international and non-international armed conflicts79. 69 See e.g. Concluding observations on the fourth periodic report of the Netherlands (CAT/C/NET/CO/4), para. 7; and Concluding observations on the fourth periodic report of Cyprus (CAT/C/CYP/CO/4), paras. 13 - 14. 70 See e.g. M.B. et al. v. Denmark, para. 9.8, supra fn. 22. 71 See also supra fn. 18 – 25. 72 See e.g. communications No. 21/1995, Alan v. Switzerland, para. 11.3.; No. 41/1996, Kioski v. Sweden, decision adopted on 12 February 1996, para. 9.3; No. 101/1997, Haydin v. Sweden, decision adopted on 16 December 1998, paras. 6.6 and 6.7; No. 279/2005, C.T. and K.M. v. Sweden, decision adopted on 17 November 2006, para. 7.6; E.K.W. v. Finland, supra fn. 29, para. 9.6; and M.B. et al. v. Denmark, para. 9.6, supra fn. 22. 73 See e.g. communication No. 554/2013, X. v. Kazakhstan, decision adopted on 3 August 2015, para. 12.7. 74 See e.g. communication No. 505/2012, P.S.B. and T.K. v. Canada, decision adopted on 13 August 2015, para 8.3. 75 See e.g. Subakaran R. Thirugnanasampanthar v. Australia, para. 8.7., supra fn. 6. 76 See e.g. Concluding observations on the initial report of Iraq (CAT/C/IRQ/CO/1), paras. 11 – 12; 77 See e.g. communication No. 562/2013, J.K. v. Canada, decision adopted on 23 November 2015, paras. 10.5 - 10.6. 78 See e.g. communication No. 492/2012, Abed Azizi v. Switzerland, decision adopted on 27 November 2014, paras. 8.5 - 8.8. 79 See e.g. Concluding observations on the initial report of Chad (CAT/C/TCD/CO/1), para. 22. 14