Our Collective Conscience •  In one case, a female defender who had tried to address what she alleged were cases of sexual violence against women inmates by security forces was sentenced to 10 months in prison, later converted into a fine upon appeal.43 8. Retaliation against family members. Human rights defenders and their families also face retaliation for their work. One defender’s husband was beaten by unknown assailants, lost consciousness and had to be hospitalized with a broken nose. The defender herself was subsequently beaten by police officers who entered her home.44 Another human rights defender’s wife was hit by police officers during a search of his house, and their relatives were subsequently subjected to threats and harassment.45 9. Threats by unknown individuals. Human rights defenders are often threatened by unknown individuals. After publishing a report criticizing the security services for persecuting the opposition, one defender received threatening phone calls for over a month.46 In another participating State, human rights defenders’ names were put on a website by members of an extremist political party, and listed as “traitors to the nation”.47 Other defenders were threatened by phone,48 and there were also instances of them being listed on the websites of ultranationalist groups49 or far-right groups.50 Similar incidents have happened to other defenders as well.51 43 Case of Eren Keskin (Turkey), UN SRSG, op. cit., note 15, para. 684; for the government’s response, see para. 691. 44 Case of Elena Urlaeva and her husband (Uzbekistan), FIDH/OMCT, op. cit., note 19, p. 560. 45 Case of Azam Formonov and his wife, Ozoda Yakubova (Uzbekistan), FIDH/OMCT, op. cit., note 19, p. 552. 46 Case of Ramazan Dyryldaev (Kyrgyzstan), FIDH/OMCT, op. cit., note 19, p. 520. 47 Case of Svetlana Gannuchkina, Sergey Kovalov and others (Russian Federation), UN SRSG, op. cit., note 15, para. 572; FIDH/OMCT, op. cit., note 19, p. 526. 48 See, for example, the case of human rights activist Alexander Zeković (Montenegro), who received threats from unknown individuals that they would release information that “would compromise him in the eyes of the population”. Information was sent to the ODIHR from the OSCE Mission to Montenegro. 49 FIDH/OMCT, op. cit., note 19, p. 526 (Russian Federation). 50 Case of Katarzyna Hejna (Poland), UN SRSG, op. cit., note 15, para. 562. 51 See, for example, the case of Lida Yusupova (Russian Federation), FIDH/OMCT, op. cit., note 19, p. 536.